In the Phoenix, Arizona, U.S., metropolitan area, community associations with legally binding covenants, codes, and restrictions (CC&Rs) impose limitations on landscaping activities in many new neighborhood residential communities. Studies were conducted in the Phoenix area to develop an understanding of residential homeowner landscape preferences and practices and how they might be impacted by...

Treating perimeters with residual insecticides for protection from mosquito vectors has shown promise. These barrier treatments are typically evaluated in temperate or tropical areas using abundant vegetation as a substrate. However, there is an emerging interest to develop this technology to protect deployed US troops in extreme desert environments with sparse vegetation. We used a remote dese...

The sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, 1786, the vector of Leishmania major Yakimoff et Schokhor, 1914, is found in desert areas where sugars are scarce but also in habitats that abound in sugar sources. The sand flies require sugar meals from plant sources for their energy requirements and to hydrolyze these complex sugars, they need a repertoire of glycosidases. We presumed that there are...

the high quality and quantity seed production in old saxual shrubs are essential for regeneration and sustainable development of saxual forests in desert areas. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different pruning height on saxual seed production. the study was carried out in an obviously wilted saxual forest located in ashkezar desert in yazd in 1994. the experiment wa...

Shrub encroachment is a serious problem in arid environments worldwide because of potential reductions in ecosystem services and negative effects on biodiversity. In southwestern USA, Chihuahuan Desert grasslands have experienced long-term encroachment by shrubs including creosotebush (Larrea tridentata). Land managers have attempted an ambitious intervention to control shrubs by spraying herbi...

Abstract Non-renewable natural resources play an important role in sustainable development of developing countries such as Iran. However, since the natural resources should be preserved for future generations, proper use of such resources seems mandatory. Women are one of the prime users of natural resources in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to assess the conservational be...

abstract non-renewable natural resources play an important role in sustainable development of developing countries such as iran. however, since the natural resources should be preserved for future generations, proper use of such resources seems mandatory. women are one of the prime users of natural resources in developing countries. the purpose of this study is to assess the conservational beha...

non-renewable natural resources play an important role in sustainable development of developing countries such as iran. however, if natural resources are to be preserved for future generations, proper use of such resources will be imperative. women are one of the prime users of natural resources. this study assesses the conservational behavior of rural women and factors influencing such behavio...

terfezia, picoa and tirmania, so called desert truffles, are mycorrhizal fungi mostly endemic to arid and semi-arid areas of the mediterranean region, where they are associated with helianthemum and carexspecies. the aim of this work was to study the identification, molecular analysis, distribution and hosts of these pezizalean hypogeous fungi in iran. among the specimens, terfezia claveryi, ti...