We derive a general expression for the material properties of a compensating bilayer, which is a pair of material layers which transfer the field distribution from one side of the bilayer to the other with resolution limited only by the deviation of the material properties from specified values. One of the layers can be free space, a special case of which is the perfect lens, but the layers nee...

Recently, we have proposed a coherent diffractive imaging using a noniterative phase retrieval method with the filter of an aperture array. The first (to our knowledge) experimental demonstration of this coherent imaging is presented here, in which a complex-valued object illuminated by a diode laser is reconstructed from the isolated diffraction intensities of the object's wave field, transmit...

Imaging or beam-steering systems employing a periodic array of microlenses or micromirrors suffer from diffraction problems resulting from the destructive interference of the beam segments produced by the array. Simple formulas are derived for beam steering with segmented apertures that do not suffer from diffraction problems because of the introduction of a moving linear phase shifter such as ...

Oakland, MD 21550 The diffraction limit for lensless imaging, defined as the sharpest possible point image obtainable with a pinhole aperture, is analyzed and compared to the corresponding limit for imaging with lenses by means of theoretical considerations and numerical computations using the FresnelLommel diffraction theory for circular apertures. The numerical result (u = p) obtained for the...

We consider the inverse problem of in-line holography, applied to minimally destructive imaging of cold atom clouds. Absorption imaging near resonance provides a simple, but destructive measurement of atom column density. Imaging off resonance greatly reduces heating, and sequential images may be taken. Under the conditions required for off-resonant imaging, the generally intractable inverse pr...

At most synchrotrons today, something like 10 percent of the photons generated are employed in experiments in which a crystal is illuminated and its far-field coherently scattered x-ray diffraction pattern is measured. From the measurements crystallographers have for years prepared the atomic-, or near-atomic-, resolution 3-dimensional images of matter which have made possible much of 20th cent...

Vittorio Giovannetti, Seth Lloyd, Lorenzo Maccone, and Jeffrey H. Shapiro NEST-CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy MIT, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA QUIT, Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Volta,” Universitá Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy and Institute for Scientific Interchang...

We report on progress in algorithms for iterative phase retrieval. The theory of convex optimisation is used to develop and to gain insight into counterparts for the nonconvex problem of phase retrieval. We propose a relaxation of averaged alternating reflectors and determine the fixed point set of the related operator in the convex case. A numerical study supports our theoretical observations ...

Electron microscopic analysis can be used to determine the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules at resolutions ranging between 3 and 30 A. It differs from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or x-ray crystallography in that it allows an object's Coulomb potential functions to be determined directly from images and can be used to study relatively complex macromolecular assemblies i...

We present a reflection based coherent diffraction imaging method which can be used to reconstruct a non periodic surface image from a diffraction amplitude measured in reflection geometry. Using a He-Ne laser, we demonstrated that a surface image can be reconstructed solely from the reflected intensity from a surface without relying on any prior knowledge of the sample object or the object sup...