A central endeavor of thermodynamics is the measurement of free energy changes. Regrettably, although we can measure the free energy of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium, typically all we can say about the free energy of a nonequilibrium ensemble is that it is larger than that of the same system at equilibrium. Herein, we derive a formally exact expression for the probability distribution o...

We analyze stability of equilibria for a delayed SIR epidemic model, in which population growth is subject to logistic growth in absence of disease, with a nonlinear incidence rate satisfying suitable monotonicity conditions. The model admits a unique endemic equilibrium if and only if the basic reproduction number R0 exceeds one, while the trivial equilibrium and the disease-free equilibrium a...

We present an approach to the estimate of the potential of mean force along a generic reaction coordinate based on maximum likelihood methods and path-ensemble averages in systems driven far from equilibrium. Following similar arguments, various free energy estimators can be recovered, all providing comparable computational accuracy. The method, applied to the unfolding process of the alpha -he...

Using the replica trick we derive a formalism to describe the structure and the thermodynamic properties of a binary liquid in equilibrium with a porous medium. We present the replica Ornstein-Zernike equations for the general case of a k-component liquid inside a porous matrix; besides the usual liquid-state closure relations, we consider in particular the optimized random phase approximation ...

Periodic microphases universally emerge in systems for which short-range interparticle attraction is frustrated by long-range repulsion. The morphological richness of these phases makes them desirable material targets, but our relatively coarse understanding of even simple models hinders controlling their assembly. We report here the solution of the equilibrium phase behavior of a microscopic m...

The contribution to the free energy for a film of liquid of thickness h on a solid surface due to the interactions between the solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces is given by the binding potential, g(h). The precise form of g(h) determines whether or not the liquid wets the surface. Note that differentiating g(h) gives the Derjaguin or disjoining pressure. We develop a microscopic density fu...

celiac disease or gluten sensitivity may initially present as one or more neurological signs and/or symptoms. on the other hand, it may be associated with or complicated by neurological manifestations. neurological presentations are rare in children but as many as 36% of adult patients present with neurological changes. with severe malnutrition after progression of celiac disease, different vit...

introduction: acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is a clonal disease characterized by heterogeneous involvement of hematopoietic bone marrow cell populations. in aml patients, a variety of clinical and biologic parameters, including surface markers, have been examinedfor potential value in predicting treatment response and survival. by checking the myeloid, lymphoid and nonspecific markers on the bla...

We consider the computation of the coexistence pressure of the liquid-solid transition of a system of hard spheres from direct simulation of the inhomogeneous system formed from liquid and solid phases separated by an interface. Monte Carlo simulations of the interfacial system are performed in three different ensembles. In a first approach, a series of simulations is carried out in the isother...

We propose a qualitative analysis of recent fractional-order COVID-19 model. start by showing that the model is mathematically and biologically well posed. Then, we give proof on global stability disease free equilibrium point. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to ensure convergence