hoffa fracture is a rare injury consisting of unicondylar tangential posterior fracture of the distal femur and only very few cases have been reported in the literature. these fractures are due to high energy trauma and conservative treatment generally yields poor results, but rigid internal fixation allows early functional rehabilitation and decreases the incidence of complications. the purpos...

background the management of distal tibia fractures continues to remain a source of controversy and debate. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the various complications of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (mippo) using a locking plate for closed fractures of distal tibia in a retrospective study. patients and methods twenty-five patients with distal tibial frac...

conclusions we recommend the additional 2d-fluoroscopic tangential view for detection of screw misplacements caused by overlength, with penetration on the dorsal cortical surface of the distal radius, predominantly observed for the most lateral screw position. the use of intraoperative 3d fluoroscopy did not become accepted in our clinical routine, due to the technical demanding and time consum...

The Drosophila leg is subdivided into two mutually antagonistic proximal and distal domains. The proximal domain is defined by the activity of the homeobox genes homothorax and extradenticle and the distal one by the Dpp/Wg targets Distal-less (Dll) and dachshund (dac). It is known that hth/exd function prevents the activity of Dpp and Wg response genes and that cells deficient for exd activity...

We analyzed the upstream regions of the human CYP11A and bovine CYP11B genes, and identified a distal promoter in each gene. The distal promoters are located at -1.8 to -1.5 kb in the upstream region of the CYP11A gene and -1.5 to -1.1 kb in the upstream region of the CYP11B gene. Transient transfection of CAT plasmid carrying each of the two distal promoters indicated that the regions had a tr...

Intracoronary thrombus formation is associated with epicardial vasoconstriction distal to the thrombotic site. To investigate the mechanisms of abnormal vasomotor function of the artery distal to the thrombotic site, we studied coronary vessels in dogs with cyclic flow variations (CFVs) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis with endothelial injury. Coronary rings isolat...

Studies investigating walking gait have traditionally either modeled the foot as a single rigid segment, or as a rearfoot segment. While these studies have improved the understanding of foot function during gait, they assume the joints distal to the calcaneus do not contribute significantly to foot function. Recent, in-vitro [1] and invasive in-vivo [2] studies, however, suggest that significan...

Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) with sensorineural deafness is a rare entity, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is caused by mutations in the ATP6V1B1 gene, leading to defective function of H+-ATPase pump in the distal nephron, cochlea and endolymphatic sac. We report two siblings with distal RTA and sensorineural deafness having mutation in the first coding exon of the gene, r...