BACKGROUND Leprosy remains a public health problem in Brazil. Although the overall number of new cases is declining, there are still areas with a high disease burden, such as Pará State in the north of the country. We aim to predict future trends in new case detection rate (NCDR) and explore the potential impact of contact tracing and chemoprophylaxis on NCDR in Pará State. METHODS We used SI...

Counting the linear extensions of a partially ordered set (poset) is a fundamental problem with several applications. We present two exact algorithms that target sparse posets in particular. The first algorithm breaks the counting task into subproblems recursively. The second algorithm uses variable elimination via inclusion–exclusion and runs in polynomial time for posets with a cover graph of...

Turning is one of the most fundamental target motions. Its modeling has been well studied for unconstrained targets, e.g., air targets. However, existing turning models can not be directly used for constrained target motion on circular tracks, which has wide application, e.g., in ground target tracking. This paper models the constrained target motion on a circular track. First, it explicitly se...

The WHO South-East Asia Region includes the following eleven countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic (DPR) of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Timor-Leste. Malaria has a varied distribution in each these countries. While two them, have been certified by to be free malaria, remaining countries are still progressing towards that targe...

BACKGROUND Historically, the target in the schistosomiasis control has shifted from infection to morbidity, then back to infection, but now as a public health problem, before moving on to transmission control. Currently, all endemic countries are encouraged to increase control efforts and move towards elimination as required by the World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap for the global control ...

We use mass spectrometry analysis and molecular modelling to show the established antimicrobial inhibitor 4,5-dichloro-1,2-dithiol-3-one (HR45) acts by forming a covalent adduct with the target β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (FabH). The 5-chloro substituent directs attack of the essential active site thiol (C112) via a Michael-type addition elimination reaction mechanism.