Energy efficiency plays an important role in the development and operation of refrigeration systems. The method of the VDMA 24247-2 2 “Energy efficiency of refrigeration systems – Requirements for the system design and the components” were recently published. The method will be described within this paper, with the focus on the graphical interpretation.

nergy-efficient near-threshold design has been proposed to increase energy efficiency across a wide range of applications. This article first provides a background motivating near-threshold and how it differs from super-threshold and subthreshold operation. Next, state-of-the-art near-threshold techniques are summarized that help overcome barriers to near-threshold adoption, namely high variati...

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system consists of multiple antennas at the receiver and transmitter. These multiple antennas can be used to improve the performance of the system through spatial diversity or increase the data rates by spatial multiplexing. One can also use some of the antennas for diversity and some for spatial multiplexing. The number used for diversity and spatial mul...

A bipedal walking mode distinguishes even the earliest hominins from other apes and may have provided a crucial advantage. However, the selective pressure that originally drove the adaptation is unknown. Michael Sockol et al. now report that upright hominins would have enjoyed a saving in the energy required for locomotion and thus would have been able to forage extensively. The authors measure...

This article provides an overview of current efforts in reducing energy consumption in passive optical access networks. Both ITU-T and IEEE standardized PONs are considered. The current solutions proposed by standardization authorities, industry, and academia are classified based on the layer they address in the standardized architectures: physical layer, data link layer, and hybrid. Then, the ...

To establish route between nodes, an efficient routing protocol is required to discover routes in a mobile adhoc network. Node energy is one of the important design criteria for adhoc networks due to dynamic topology of Ad Hoc Network. Mobile nodes have limited energy in their batteries. Power failure of a mobile node affects the node itself as well as decreases network performance also due to ...

abstract in this work, the dry reforming of methane was studied using a corona and glow discharge plasma microreactors. a chemical kinetic model was developed to understand the reaction better. the modelization allowed prediction of the reactants conversion according to the energy transfer to the gas (p×τ). the β value is trait of the energy cost, whatever this value was leeser indicated better...