This study aimed to assess ecological quality status of hard substratum macroinvertebrates communities of the Caspian Sea with three ecological indices and their relationship with environmental factors. For this purpose, benthic communities of the Caspian Sea basin were studied seasonally during 2014 in 8 sampling sites. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, silicate an...

Tourism is a multidimensional economic activity that has an interaction with the environment. On one hand, environmental resources provide the raw material for tourism, while on the other, tourism imposes a variety of negative and positive impacts (wanted or unwanted) on the environment through the creation of various by-products. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the rela...

The objective of this study was to estimate effects of environmental sensitivity of milk production traits for several environmental parameters and to investigate the impact of combining traits with different environmental sensitivity in an economic index. Variance components and breeding values were estimated for milk, fat, and protein yield, and fat and protein percentage by applying a random...

This study analyzed the spatial distribution of dengue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2006, and associations between the incidence per 100,000 inhabitants and socio-environmental variables. The study analyzed reported dengue cases among the city's inhabitants, rainfall, Breteau index (for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus), Gini index, and social development index. We conducted mapping and used...

Medical centers (that is, hospitals and clinics) in metropolitan areas produce substantial amounts of hazardous waste in both solid and liquid (wastewater) forms. Unless medical centers manage their waste with appropriate care, the significant hazards posed to urban residents and areas far outweigh the benefits of their services. Therefore, comprehensive environmental management programs need t...

This paper describes the development of a method to calculate the overall "greenness" of a pharmaceutical process that uses multiple solvents. This calculation is made by taking into account various environmental parameters and determining an overall greenness index. Through this method a scientist or engineer can effectively determine alternative, "greener" solvents or processes based on the u...