Stressful life and reduced well-being have always been an issue of lifestyle in modern society. Constructing a multidisciplinary conceptual framework of environmental tranquility and quality of life is required for the field of architectural development, improved environmental quality, and enhanced human well-being. This paper reviews the main concepts of tranquility, environmental quality, and...

Triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy-diphenyl ether, TCS) is widely used in personal care, household, veterinary and industrial products. It was considered as a potential male reproductive toxicant in previous in vitro and in vivo studies. However, evidence from human studies is scarce. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between TCS exposure and semen quality. We measured urinary ...

quality are not bought and sold in traditional markets. A simple price variable, for example, representing the costs of reducing runoff does not exist. Instead, economists have developed the notion of “shadow prices” that can be estimated from production and environmental data that give either the value of a non-marketable “good,” such as a unit of indigenous nitrogen in the soil, or the abatem...

The clinical significance of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a tumour marker was evaluated in 54 patients with seminoma. Before orchiectomy NSE was elevated in six out of 21 patients with stage I seminoma and 11 out of 16 patients with metastases. After orchiectomy NSE normalised in all evaluated stage I cases, but was still elevated in six out of 12 patients with metastatic disease. NSE monit...

Greenhouses have been extremely successful in providing abundant, cheap and high-quality produce, by using resources (water, minerals, pesticides) with a very high economic efficiency. Marginal agricultural land is being rapidly converted into protected cultivation in many (semi-arid) regions of the world, hoping to prosper both from primary and secondary activities. Water use efficiency of gre...

This paper develops an index of pollution based on the epidemiological dose-response function associated with each pollutant, and the welfare losses due to exposure to pollution. The probability of damage is translated into welfare losses, which provides the common metric required for aggregation. Isopollution surfaces may then be used to compare environmental quality over time and space. An Ai...

This paper surveys the use of mathematical programming models for controll~ng environmental quality. The scope includes air, water, and land quality, stemming from the first works in the 1960s. It also includes integrated models, generally that are economic equilibrium models which have an equivalent mathematical program or use mathematical programming to compute a fixed point. A primary goal o...