The conventional method towards deriving schedule for a fleet of ships to minimize cost alone has the short-coming of not addressing the problem of operation revenue losses associated with delays during maintenance at ships dockyards. In this paper, a preventive maintenance schedule for a fleet of ships that incorporates op-portunity cost is presented. The idea is to assign a penalty cost to al...

background: although breast cancer imposes a considerable economic burden on high-income countries, there is limited knowledge about its economic burden in low- and middle-income countries (lmcs), including iran. in this study, we estimated the economic burden of breast cancer in iran in 2010. methods: we used the prevalence-based approach and estimated the direct and indirect costs of all brea...

Abstract Passes are by far football’s (soccer) most frequent event, yet surprisingly little meaningful research has been devoted to quantify them. With the increase in availability of so-called positional data, describing positioning players and ball at every moment game, our work aims determine difficulty pass calculating its success probability based on surrounding circumstances. As experts w...

in many real systems in which a state variable should be controlled for being in appropriate range, the length of control (review) intervals is taken to be constant. in such systems, when the cost of reviews and out-of-range values of the state variable are considerable, this method may not be optimal. in this paper we let the length of review intervals to be variable during each operating cycl...

We consider Markov decision processes with unknown transition probabilities and unknown single-period expected cost functions, and we study a method for estimating these quantities from historical or simulated data. The method requires knowledge of the system equations that govern state transitions as well as the single-period cost functions (but not the single-period expected cost functions). ...

For second-hand products sold with warranty, the expected warranty cost for an item to the manufacturer, depends on (i) the age and/or usage as well as the maintenance history for the item and (ii) the terms of the warranty policy. The paper develops probabilistic models to compute the expected warranty cost to the manufacturer when the items are sold with free replacement or pro rata warrantie...