Background: Semen cryopreservation is the most important section of artificial insemination programs; it allows preservation of semen fertility for a long time. Materials and Methods: The aim of the present study was to detect the effect of in vitro supplementation of 4-hydroxy Tempo on fresh and frozen spermatozoa quality of buffalo bulls. Five healthy buffalo bulls (5 ejaculates from each bul...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of in vitro supplementation of selenium on fresh and frozen spermatozoa quality of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls. Five healthy buffalo bulls (5 ejaculates from each bull) were used. Each ejaculate was diluted at 37 ˚C with tris-based extender containing 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg mL-1 sodium selenite and the sperm motility and...

Adding antioxidants to semen extenders could reduce post-thaw sperm damages. Glutathione is an important intracellular antioxidant that has free radicals scavenging properties and multiple effects on DNA and protein synthesis. In the present study, effects different levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) containing 0 (control), 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mM in a nanomicelle-based extender on post-thaw quali...

AT A recent conference on the future of the NHS workforce, I heard a speaker use the term 'physician extender' (PE) to describe nurses who are licensed by doctors to provide quasi-autonomous health care.

Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of the amino acids glycine and cysteine on cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa. After primary evaluation of collected ejaculates, the semen samples were pooled and diluted 1:4 before cooling (experiment 1) and freezing (experiment 2) with Tris-Citrate-Fructose-Yolk (TCFY) extender supplemented with different concentrations of glycine and cys...

Fertility of frozen-thawed bull sperm is reduced by cryopreservation. Freezing-thawing procedures can result in as much as a sevenfold fertility decrease. Sperm mortality and loss of motility do not fully explain the reduced fertility of cryopreserved semen; they may be partially explained by the loss of sperm surface proteins, which are necessary for fertilization. We have previously identifie...

Extender based forcings are studied with respect of adding branches to Aronszajn trees. We construct a model with no Aronszajn tree over אω+2 from the optimal assumptions. This answers a question of Friedman and Halilović [1]. The reader interested only in Friedman and Halilović question may skip the first section and go directly to the second. 1 No branches to κAronszajn trees. We deal here wi...

Aim: The aim was to determine the antioxidative capacity of vitamin E, vitamin C and their combination (vitamin E+C) on standard semen parameters i.e., mortality, percent live sperms, percent abnormal sperms and acrosomal integrity in cryopreserved Bhadawari bull semen. Materials and Methods: Ejaculates collected from four Bhadawari bulls were evaluated and later pooled at 37°C. Pooled semen sa...