Failures of digital systems arise from design faults that are introduced during system development or maintenance, and the complexity and tight coupling of these systems can lead to accidents involving interactions of multiple failed components. These factors complicate the analysis of digital system failures, particularly with respect to framing an analysis and issuing recommendations that are...

In this paper we will try to describe the close relation between logical fallacies and abduction considered as inference to the best explanation. To this aim we will exploit the so-called agent-based reasoning framework, which adopts the perspective of a cognitive agent. Then we will analyze some types of reasoning that in the perspective of classical and informal logic are defined fallacies. W...

Correlation is a well-established concept to capture the linear relationship between two or more variables. This article covers basic properties, fallacies of correlation and correlation risk in financial applications.

Common misconceptions about randomness underlie the design and implementation of randomness sources in popular operating systems. We debunk these fallacies with a survey of the “realities of randomness” and derive a number of new architectural principles for OS randomness subsystems.

Formal countermodels may be used to justify the unprovability of formulae in the Heyting calculus (the best accepted formal system for constructive reasoning), on the grounds that unprovable formulae are constructively invalid. We argue that the intuitive impact of such countermodels becomes more transparent and convincing as we move from Kripke/Beth models based on possible worlds, to Läuchli ...

THE DEBATE OVER POSSIBLE ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS FOLLOWING exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is very controversial and very much to the fore in Australia today. The Sir Harry Gibbs Inquiry into Community Needs and High Voltage Transmission Line Development in New South Wales and the debate on siting of the Richmond/Brunswick power line in Victoria have received a great deal of media at...

Introduction. Students' evaluation of teaching is a major concern in higher education. In this regard, during the past 30 years hundreds of papers have been published which because of various grounds from valid, reliable to useless, such papers cannot be easily summarized. The present study investigated for two purposes, first was to out line opinions of two groups of advocates and opposites a...

dietary knowledge and access to resources are critical to improve health and nutritional status in a sustainable way. the present study was conducted to assess the dietary pattern and associated intake of different essential nutrients and vitamins by adolescents in himachal pradesh of india. a sample of 150 adolescents in the age group of 11-19 years from the two selected blocks (panchrukhi and...

In many circumstances, heritability estimates are subject to two potentially interacting pitfalls: the spatial and the regression to the mean (RTM) fallacies. The spatial fallacy occurs when the set of potential movement options differs among individuals according to where individuals depart. The RTM fallacy occurs when extreme measurements are followed by measurements that are closer to the me...

We attempt to clarify, and suggest how to avoid, several serious misunderstandings about and fallacies of causal inference. These issues concern some of the most fundamental advantages and disadvantages of each basic research design. Problems include improper use of hypothesis tests for covariate balance between the treated and control groups, and the consequences of using randomization, blocki...