In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants, it has been reported that a high correlation existed between the evolution of ethylene from the apices and the development of female flowers. We isolated three distinct cDNA encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase from cucumber. Among of these, only CS-ACS2 mRNA was detected at the apices of gynoecious cucumber in which female flowers w...

The stability of the mangrove ecosystem is influenced by climate change. One indicator resilience species emergence reproductive organs (flowers and fruit). purpose this study was to describe morphological characteristics fruit flowers as evidence revegetation in West Lombok. This research conducted a area on coast samples were all Rhizoporaceae family from revegetation. Mangrove data which inc...

In this work, the growth of fertilized Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs was monitored in vivo at the molecular level using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and NIR imaging. NIR spectra were recorded noninvasively for three major parts of a fertilized medaka egg, the embryonic body, the oil droplets, and the yolk, from the first day after fertilization to the day before hatching. Principal...

Fertilized hen eggs are rich in a variety of bioactive ingredients. In this study, we aimed to obtain an antioxidant protein from fertilized eggs and the radical scavenging abilities on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion (O2-•) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the purified protein. During 20 d of incubation, the radical scavenging ab...

The debate on the origin and evolution of flowers has recently entered the field of developmental genetics, with focus on the design of the ancestral floral regulatory program. Flowers can differ dramatically among angiosperm lineages, but in general, male and female reproductive organs surrounded by a sterile perianth of sepals and petals constitute the basic floral structure. However, the bas...

Predator avoidance and foraging often pose conflicting demands. Animals can decrease mortality risk searching for predators, but searching decreases foraging time and hence intake. We used this principle to investigate how prey should use information to detect, assess and respond to predation risk from an optimal foraging perspective. A mathematical model showed that solitary bees should increa...

Variation in plant and floral size can have conflicting effects on pollination and fruit production in flowering plants. This research examines the contributions of plant height, flower size and pollinator visitation to reproductive success in four populations of Iris tuberosa. The plants were pollinated exclusively by hymenopteran species, primarily during sunny days. Pollination supplementati...

BACKGROUND The present work was designed to appraise how different extraction solvents and techniques affect the extractability of antioxidant and antimicrobial components from Lantana camara (L. camard) flowers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four extraction solvents including 100% methanol, 80% methanol, 100% ethanol and 80% ethanol coupled with three extraction techniques namely stirring, microwave-...

More than 100 years ago, Karl von Frisch showed that honeybee workers learn and discriminate colors. Since then, many studies confirmed the color learning capabilities of females from various hymenopteran species. Yet, little is known about visual learning and memory in males despite the fact that in most bee species males must take care of their own needs and must find rewarding flowers to obt...

Assessing a plant’s nutritional status and fertilizer rates types that can optimize fruit quality yield are critical in intensive apple orchards. The aim of this work was to identify correlations between nutrients the different organs allow early diagnosis assess impact on optimal nutrient content leaves, as well chemical organic fertilization. Five orchards ‘Gala’ were fertilized with levels N...