in order to identify the best maturity time for excision of fertilized ovules in interspecific hybridization, intercrosses were made between two diploid (gossypium herbaceum and g. arboreum, 2n=26) and two tetraploid species (g. barbadense and g. hirsutum, 2n=52). flower morphology, growth rate of ovules and ovaries, as well as fiber growth pattern in various time scales post anthesis were reco...

Olive is one of the most ancient fruit trees and has been cultivated for its oil for thousands of years. A mature olive tree produces about 500,000 flowers. They are borne on inflorescences termed panicles. The number of flowers and their distribution on the inflorescence are specific for each cultivar but can change from year to year. The flower position on the inflorescence affects its gender...

Leaching losses of N are a major limitation of crop production on permeable soils and under heavy rainfalls as in the humid tropics. We established a field trial in the central Amazon (near Manaus, Brazil) in order to study the influence of charcoal and compost on the retention of N. Fifteen months after organic-matter admixing (0–0.1 m soil depth), we added 15N-labeled (NH4)2SO4 (27.5 kg N ha–...

The production of seed by both selfing and outcrossing, or mixed mating, may be selected for under conditions of variable pollinator availability. Seed production was examined following experimental manipulations of perfect and pistillate flowers of the gynomonoecious plant Silene noctiflora. Style excision experiments in a greenhouse demonstrated that autonomous selfing occurs in the perfect f...

leaf yellowing is a major problem in postharvest of alstroemeria cut flowers. for delaying of leaf yellowing and increasing flower quality a completely randomized factorial design was carried out on the alstroemeria cut flowers (‘fuji’ cultivar). in this research ethanol (0, 2, 4, 6%), ga3 (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/litre) in two methods (pulse and continuous) were investigated on the flower vese life...

Angiosperms are the most diverse group of land plants which provides fruits, food, seed for cultivation and material for hybridization purpose etc. Approximately 90% of all angiosperm species have hermaphrodite (bisexual) flowers and the remaining, onetenth are either monoecious (male and female flowers are separate but grow in same plant) or dioecious (male and female flower grow on different ...

Peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch is self-compatible and largely self-fertile, but under greenhouse conditions pollinators must be introduced to achieve good fruit set and quality. Because little work has been done to assess the effectiveness of different pollinators on peach trees under greenhouse conditions, we studied 'Okubo' peach in greenhouse tunnels near Beijing between 2012 and 2014. We ...

This study evaluated the effect of artificial pollination on pistachio trees in an orchard at a low ratio of male to female trees in Qazvin province, Iran, over the years 2012-2013. Experimental factors included three female cultivars (Akbari, Owhadi, Kalebozi) and three types of pollinizer (Control, GA, and GB) with three replications. In each female tree, two branches were selected in the nor...

Floral color changes and retention of old flowers are frequently combined phenomena restricted to the floral guide or single flowers in few-flowered inflorescences. They are thought to increase the attractiveness over long distances and to direct nearby pollinators toward the rewarding flowers. In Tibouchina pulchra, a massively flowering tree, the whole flower changes its color during anthesis...

Rates of fruit drop and remaining fruited pan icles were monitored in the field for 96 days beginning on April 1, 1983. More than 90% of total fruit drop occurred within the first 4 wk, and final fruit set was 0.61%. Per centage of fruited panicles remained constant for the first 3 wk, decreasing sharply to 40% by the 6th week, and ending at 11.7% at harvest. Of the fruit which reached maturity...