Fluidized beds are used in a variety of process industries because they provide uniform temperature distributions, low pressure drops, and high heat/mass rates. Minimum fluidization velocity is an important factor in understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of fluidized beds, and this characteristic may be modified through high frequency (sound) vibrations. The effects caused by sound wave frequ...

The fluidization behavior of silica gel was tested in a fluidized bed under different sound pressure levels and sound frequencies. It has been found that the particle mixtures can be fluidized smoothly with sound assistance at low sound frequency owing to the sound energy disrupting large size of agglomerates. The minimum fluidization velocity was found to decrease with increasing sound frequen...

Self-organizing maps (SOM) have been successfully applied in many fields of research. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a neural-network-based tool for a data analysis in fluidized bed energy plants. The software is based on selforganizing maps. Reference vectors of SOMs can be classified by K-means algorithm into clusters, which represented different states of processes. The differences...

A rotary reactor and a fluidized bed reactor (both laboratory-scale and operated in batch mode) are used for the treatment of granulates containing SSA and CaCl ) and treating this mixture (possible after granulation) in a rotary kiln at 1000±100°C leads to the formation of volatile heavy metal compounds which evaporate and to Pphases with a high bio-availability. Due to economical and ecologic...

In granular flow operations, often particles are nonspherical. This has inspired a vast amount of research in understanding the behavior of these particles. Various models are being developed to study the hydrodynamics involving nonspherical particles. Experiments however are often limited to obtain data on the translational motion only. This paper focusses on the unique capability of Magnetic ...

A Chebyshev super spectral viscosity method and operator splitting are used to solve a hyperbolic system of conservation laws with a source term modeling a fluidized bed. The fluidized bed displays a slugging behavior which corresponds to shocks in the solution. A modified Gegenbauer postprocessing procedure is used to obtain a solution which is free of oscillations caused by the Gibbs–Wilbraha...

In this paper, the computationally intelligent modeling approach for fluidized bed combustion process is considered, as well as intelligent process control based on developed models and soft computing methodologies. Applied genetic optimization and fuzzy modeling approach are combined with proposed intelligent control strategies. Efficient fuzzy nonlinear FBC process modeling by combining sever...

The present work is focused on the study of fluidization behaviour of biomass and sand mixtures in a laboratory scale test set up. The biomass materials used during the experimentation were rice husk, bagasse and sawdust. Two different particle sizes of silica sands were used in forming the mixture. The percentages of biomass in the mixtures were 2%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The minimum fluid...

Automatic control of a fluidized-bed drying process depends on the availability of an inline sensor to provide accurate measurements of product moisture content. Nearinfrared (NIR) spectroscopy technology provides a potentially noninvasive and nondestructive analytical method that could serve as a sensor option for a wide range of applications. The purpose of this research was to investigate th...

The local solid flow structure of gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed was investigated to identify and characterize the particle clusters. Extensive mathematical calculations were carried out using the energy-minimization multi-scale (EMMS) approach for evaluating cluster properties including the velocity, the size and the void fraction of clusters in the dense phase of the bed. The results showed...