flooding, which is an overflow of water, brings massive biological and economic problems all around the world and disrupts many people’s lives. based on several effective factors in flood occurrence as well as unknown relationships between parameters, researchers have used various methods to forecast flood over the past decade. an investigation of the conducted studies on flood forecasting reve...

The real time flood forecasting is one of the most effective nonstructural measures for flood management. For formulating the flood forecast in the real time, the observed meteorological and flow data are transmitted to the forecasting station through the different means of data communication which include telephone, wireless and network of telemetry stations etc. The collected meteorological a...

One of the principal issues related to hydrologic models for prediction of runoff is the estimation of extreme values (floods). It is well understood that unless the models capture the dynamics of rainfall-runoff process, the improvement in prediction of such extremes is far from reality. In this paper, it is proposed to develop a dual (combined and paralleled) artificial neural network (D-ANN)...

River flow forecasting models assist in the understanding, predicting, monitoring, and managing of issues related to surface-water resources, such as water quality deterioration flooding, or developing adaptation strategies cope with climate change increasing demand. This review presents an overview current research status progress river-flow forecasting, focusing on cold climates ungauged loca...

The paper presents a comparison of lumped runoff modelling approaches, aimed at the realtime forecasting of flood events, based on or integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). ANNs are used in two ways: (a) as black-box type runoff simulation models or (b) for the real-time improvement of the discharge forecasts issued by a conceptual-type rainfall-runoff model. As far as the coupling of A...

A framework for short-term probabilistic forecasting of watershed flood stage conditions using a distributed rainfall-runoff model is proposed. A stochastic rainfall pattern simulation model capable of generating input for a distributed rainfall-runoff model is developed. Generation of rainfall patterns over a 6-hour period is achieved using a translation vector rainfall forecasting process mod...