Prior research has reported incidental vocabulary acquisition with complete beginners in a foreign language (FL), within 8 exposures to auditory and written FL word forms presented with a picture depicting their meaning. However, important questions remain about whether acquisition occurs with fewer exposures to FL words in a multimodal situation and whether there is a repeated exposure effect....

Abstract The moral foreign language effect (MFLE) describes how people’s decisions may change when a dilemma is presented in either their native (NL) or (FL). Growing attention being directed to unpacking what aspects of bilingualism influence the MFLE, though with mixed inconclusive results. current study aims bridge this gap by adopting conceptualization that frames construct as composite and...

Recent exposure to a second or foreign language (FL) can influence production and/or perception in the first (L1), phenomenon referred as phonetic drift. The smallest amount of FL shown effect drift is 1.5 h. present study examined L1 at earlier timepoints exposure, determine whether system able resist an incipient stage. In longitudinal pre-test/post-test design, English listeners were exposed...

This paper focuses, at first, on models of multicultural education. More specifically, intercultural education is the most appropriate model as it based mutual recognition and respect among different cultures. In this context, many students are pushed to learn a new language besides their mother language. It important distinguish (L1) from second (L2) foreign (FL) find factors that influence ac...

This article analyzes the process of vowel reduction in function words by Brazilian speakers of English as a Foreign Language. It compares information obtained by perceptual verification with those obtained by acoustic verification. The sample is composed by sixteen female speakers of English as a FL and one native speaker of English. Data collection was accomplished through an instrument compo...

According to research in mother tongue (L1) reading skills, successive processing the PASS Theory of Intelligence process affects reading skills through the sequential analysis and blending of phonemes and syllables. The present paper examines whether this cognitive process predicts also reading skills in English as a foreign language (EFL). A group of 81 pupils that had finished their first ye...

Foreign language (FL) films with subtitles are becoming increasingly popular, and many European countries use subtitling as a cheaper alternative to dubbing. However, the extent to which people process subtitles under different subtitling conditions remains unclear. In this study, participants watched part of a film under standard (FL soundtrack and native language subtitles), reversed (native ...

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the perceived social self-efficacy of the students of English and their foreign language classroom anxiety. The required data were gathered through the application of the original versions of two standard questionnaires: Smith and Betz’s (2000) 25-item Scale of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy (SPSSE) and Horwitz, Horwitz and...

FL is the result of an e ort to design a practical functional programming language based on Backus FP This paper provides an introduction to and critique of the FL language The language e ort is analyzed from several points of view language design implementation and user experiences Emphasis is placed on the unusual aspects of FL its strengths and weaknesses and how FL compares with other funct...