The Electronic Return-less Fuel System (ERFS) manages the delivery of fuel from the fuel tank to the engine. The pressure in the fuel line is electronically controlled by the fuel system control module by speeding up or slowing down the fuel pump. This allows the system to efficiently control the amount of fuel provided to the engine when compared to vehicles equipped with a standard fuel syste...

Biofuel, a form of renewable fuel, has promising future, especially as the alternative fuel for transportation. Biofuel is usually blended with petroleum fuel and used in flex fuel engines. Since the characteristics of biofuel are quite different from those of the petroleum based fuel, it is very important to optimize the combustion properties for biofuel engines under different fuel blends. Th...

in this paper, a non-isothermal two-phase flow in the cathode gas diffusion layer (gdl) of pem fuel cell is modeled. the governing equations including energy, mass and momentum conservation equations are solved by numerical methods. also, the optimal values of the effective parameters such as the electrodes porosity, gas diffusion layer (gdl) thickness and inlet relative humidity are calculated...

in spark ignition (si) engines, the accurate control of air fuel ratio (afr) in the stoichiometric value is required to reduce emission and fuel consumption. the wide operating range, the inherent nonlinearities and the modeling uncertainties of the engine system are the main difficulties arising in the design of afr controller. in this paper, an optimization-based nonlinear control law is anal...

We develop a numerical model to simulate the impacts of overlapping energy policies on carbon emissions in the U.S. personal transportation sector. Consumers in our model demand fuel based on their underlying demand for miles and choices about car fuel economy; firms supply fuel by blending gasoline with corn, sugarcane, and cellulosic ethanol. We find that the current fuel tax, size-based fuel...

Live fuel moisture is one of the most important fuel properties and a critical parameter for fire danger rate forecasting and fire behavior analysis. Many approaches have been proposed to retrieve live fuel moisture with satellite remote sensing measurements. In this paper, we presented live fuel moisture retrieval with near real-time MODIS measurements, discussed the applications of real-time ...

2. Nuclear fuel consists of fuel pins that are stacks of uranium oxide or mixed uranium plutonium oxide (MOX) cylindrical ceramic pellets, with diameters of 8–15 mm, that are encapsulated in metallic tubes. The fuel pins are grouped together in fuel assemblies. Each fuel assembly can be handled as a single entity, thus simplifying the fuelling and defuelling of reactors and the subsequent handl...

A fuel cell is essentially a compact electrochemical “factory” that takes fuel as input and produces electricity as output (see fig. 1). Like a factory, a fuel cell will continue to churn out product (electricity) as long as raw material (fuel) is supplied. This is the key difference between a fuel cell and a battery. While both rely on electrochemistry to work their magic, a fuel cell is not c...

Due to limited energy resources, high energy demand and constrict emission norms led the researchers to find alternative fuel for IC engines. Due to the fossil fuel crisis, the development of alternative fuel technologies has drawn more attraction to deliver the replacement of fossil fuel. Many alternative fuels have been developed and commercialized like alcohols, biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc. pyro...

Fuel conservation programs are instruments used by airlines to improve operational efficiency and trim fuel related costs. Identifying fuel savings to accurately manage these programs has always been an issue due to the operation volatility and lack of reliable data. Advanced data management systems were developed to support these programs, but having means to identify fuel savings is still com...