For more than 60 years, San Diego-based Gamma Scientific has provided electronics manufacturers, government institutions, and universities around the world with solutions to accurately measure optical radiation from light sources displays. Scientific's test measurement systems precisely determine luminance, color, reflectance in products ranging LEDs night-vision devices cellphones, large TV sc...

In this paper, countable compactness and the Lindel¨of propertyare defined for L-fuzzy sets, where L is a complete de Morgan algebra. Theydon’t rely on the structure of the basis lattice L and no distributivity is requiredin L. A fuzzy compact L-set is countably compact and has the Lindel¨ofproperty. An L-set having the Lindel¨of property is countably compact if andonly if it is fuzzy compact. ...

Let \(X\) be a real reflexive Banach space and \(X^*\) its dual space. \(G_1\) \(G_2\) open subsets of such that \(\overline G_2\subset G_1\), \(0\in G_2\), is bounded. \(L: X\supset D(L)\to X^*\) densely defined linear maximal monotone operator, \(A:X\supset D(A)\to 2^{X^*}\) positively homogeneous operator degree \(\gamma>0\), \(C:X\supset D(C)\to bounded demicontinuous type \((S_+)\) with...

We introduce and study a new class of spaces, namely $beta-$topological vector spaces via $beta-$open sets. The relationships among these spaces with some existing spaces are investigated. In addition, some important and useful characterizations of $beta-$topological vector spaces are provided.  

The internal/external synchrotron shock scenario has proved very successful in interpreting the key observations about gamma–ray bursts. There still remains, however, some big uncertainties. The hottest issue concerns the nature of the progenitor, but there are also other problems concerning the global energetics, coupled with the issue of the degree of the collimation of the fireball. To be ef...