Genetic resources are the fundamental source of diversity available to plant breeders for improvement desired traits. However, a large germplasm set is difficult preserve and use as working collection in genetic studies. Hence, present study evaluates 3115 safflower accessions from Indian National Gene Bank, including cultivars, develop manageable accessions, with similar variations studied. A ...

Motivated by data demonstrating fluctuating relative and absolute fitnesses for white- versus blue-flowered morphs of the desert annual Linanthus parryae, we present conditions under which temporally fluctuating selection and fluctuating contributions to a persistent seed bank will maintain a stable single-locus polymorphism. In L. parryae, blue flower color is determined by a single dominant a...

The entry of multinational banks (MNBs) into the developing and transition economies is expected to create more market discipline for domestic banks, thus making them more efficient and enhancing financial stability. But is this the case? Using data from the Bank for International Settlements and the International Monetary Fund, I first try to determine which factors tend to increase MNB lendin...

By a \tree-bank grammar" we mean a context-free grammar created by reading the production rules directly from hand-parsed sentences in a tree bank. Common wisdom has it that such grammars do not perform well, though we know of no published data on the issue. The primary purpose of this paper is to show that the common wisdom is wrong. In particular we present results on a tree-bank grammar base...

and Headnote We put “runs” back in the bank runs literature. A unified bank, one that invests in both liquid and illiquid assets, can easily avoid runs but it still faces a small probability of non-run rationing of depositors. In a separated financial system, the bank only holds relatively liquid assets; it is subject to runs with small probability, but because of its overinvestment in the liqu...

The research for this paper was undertaken as part of a project on The Financial Implications of Environmental Legislation funded by the ESRC (L320253226), for which support we are very grateful. We are grateful to our collaborators on this project-especially Tim Jewell and George McKenzie-for useful discussions, which contributed to our thinking on this paper. An earlier version was presented ...

The presence of moral hazard in the banking sector can have worrying results. This paper examines the role of government guarantees to banks in generating moral hazard in Iran. We test for moral hazard among bank creditors by determining whether protected banks received more funds from creditors than non-protected banks. Empirically, to determine the existence of moral hazard among bank manag...

objectives: epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt) is a fundamental stage in cancer metastasis and the presence of vascular invasion is a strong indication of the spread of the malignant tumor cells. regulation of the emt is a complex process in which several different transcription factors are involved. eomesodermin (eomes) as a member of the t-box gene family is an important component in the...

The evolving financial environment facing the corporate sector provides many non-bank external finance options as an alternative to bank finance and this paper examines the relationship between UK firms’ choices over bank versus non-bank finance under different monetary conditions. We look at the external finance 'mix' using a panel of 16,000 UK firm records taken from the FAME database for the...