In many insect species, sex pheromone is processed by specific, enlarged glomeruli in the antennal lobes of males. In the male American cockroach, two closely located glomeruli (A and B) are responsible for processing the major pheromone components (periplanone-A and -B, respectively), and these collectively form the macroglomerular complex. Afferents originating from the dorsal and ventral sur...

Axons from olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a specific odorant receptor (OR) project to specific subsets of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (for review, see Mombaerts, 1999, 2001). The aim of this study was to examine the trajectories that subsets of axons from OSNs expressing the same OR follow within the olfactory nerve and olfactory nerve layer (ONL) of adult mice. Using confocal ...

Odor quality is thought to be encoded by the activation of partially overlapping subsets of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (odor maps). Mouse genetic studies have demonstrated that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a particular olfactory receptor target their axons to a few individual glomeruli in the bulb. While the specific targeting of OSN axons provides a molecular underpinning f...

INTRODUCTION Immunoglobulin A nephropathy is the most common form of glomerular nephropathy among children and young adults. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the possible correlation between the extent of sclerotic glomeruli and various morphologic variables and clinical data of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients, we conducted an observational study, on 136 IgAN patients' biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS ...

Abstract Background and Aims Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) manifest themselves in arteries, arterioles glomeruli. Nephropathologists need to differentiate TMAs from mimickers like hypertensive nephropathy vasculitis which can be problematic due interobserver disagreement poorly defined diagnostic criteria over a wide spectrum of morphological changes with partial overlap. As first step to...

Background and Aims: Formaldehyde, a colorless aldehyde with pungent odor, has negative effects on systems of the body. Considering, there are a little data about protective substances against kidney damage induced by formaldehyde, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of different doses of N-acetyl cysteine on biochemical and histopathological parameters in k...

In the Drosophila antennal lobe, excitation can spread between glomerular processing channels. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of lateral excitation. Dual recordings from excitatory local neurons (eLNs) and projection neurons (PNs) showed that eLN-to-PN synapses transmit both hyperpolarization and depolarization, are not diminished by blocking chemical neurotransmission, and are ab...

Nephrogenesis occurs predominantly in late gestation at a time when preterm infants are already delivered. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of preterm birth and the effect of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment on nephrogenesis. Preterm baboons, which were delivered at 125 days gestation and ventilated for up to 21 days postnatally, were compared with gestational controls. A coho...

One of the features common among olfactory systems for vertebrate and invertebrate species is the division of the primary processing area into distinct clumps of synaptic neuropil, called glomeruli. The olfactory glomeruli appear to serve as functional units of olfaction and are the location of the primary processing between chemosensory afferents and second-order neurons. Although glomeruli ar...

Inhibitory interactions shape the activity of output neurons in primary olfactory centers and promote contrast enhancement of odor representations. Patterns of interglomerular connectivity, however, are largely unknown. To test whether the proximity of glomeruli to one another is correlated with interglomerular inhibitory interactions, we used intracellular recording and staining methods to rec...