in this study it is attempted to investigate the effects of government spending on total factor productivity growth in rural areas of iran. using time series data of 1971-2001, a system of equations including some of the variables affecting productivity growth was considered. the system of equations included total factor productivity, irrigation, roads and education. using the simultaneity and ...

In many Swiss cantons, new government programs must be approved by a referendum of citizens before money can be spent. Referendums seem like a natural way to address citizen–legislator agency problems, yet statistical evidence on how referendums affect spending decisions is almost nonexistent. We estimate regressions for Swiss cantons using panel data from 1980 to 1998 and find that mandatory r...

In 2004, the federal budget deficit stood at $412 billion and reached 4.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Though not at a record level, the deficit as a fraction of GDP is now the largest since the early 1980s. Moreover, the recent swing from surplus to deficit is the largest since the end of World War II (Figure 1). The flip side of deficit spending is that the amount of government de...

There has been recent controversy about whether aid directed specifically to health has caused recipient governments to reallocate their own funds to non-health areas. At the same time, general budget support (GBS) has been increasing. GBS allows governments to set their own priorities, but little is known about how these additional resources are subsequently used. This paper uses cross-country...

The objectives of this study is to investigate the responses of livestock economic variables (namely, output, consumption, prices, labor and capital) to changes in agricultural productivity, monetary, oil revenue and government spending (fiscal policy). To do so, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is constructed for Iran economy disaggregating livestock. Accordingly, the empi...

in this paper, we develop a ramsey-type endogenous growth model in which government spending on property rights protection is a major determinant of economic growth. this model includes equations for welfare, private and public sectors production. we introduce the legal efficiency into private production function, and x-inefficiency parameter into public production function. also, we consider t...

This brief examines the geographic distribution of federal spending in Georgia. Due to the continued budgetary pressure on the federal government as well as the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA), it seems likely that federal spending will decline in Georgia in the years to come. Federal spending in Georgia is substantial. For instance, fiscal year 2010 federal spending examined in this brief of ...