background: teat lacerations are serious injuries thatendanger the survival of a cow within the herd. in excessivelacerations, the wound should be left to heal by second intentionhealing process. however, tissue contraction during healing canchange the alignment of the teat, creating problems for machinemilking. objectives: the purpose of the present study was toevaluate the transplantation of ...

A weak singularity in the solution of time-fractional differential equations can degrade accuracy numerical methods when employing a uniform mesh, especially with schemes involving Caputo derivative (order α,), where time is order (2−α) or (1+α). To deal this problem, we present second-order scheme for nonlinear time–space fractional reaction–diffusion equations. For spatial resolution, employ ...

Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$ and $R$ be a commutative $G$-graded ring with nonzero unity $1$. In this article, we introduce the concept of graded $r$-ideals. A proper graded ideal $P$ of a graded ring $R$ is said to be graded $r$-ideal if whenever $a, bin h(R)$ such that $abin P$ and $Ann(a)={0}$, then $bin P$. We study and investigate the behavior of graded $r$-ideals to introduce ...

This paper is concerned with the numerical approximation by compact finitedifference schemes of differential operators of the form Leu = eu(m) + ^Jv=0 avv^ without turning points. The stability of L£ combined with various auxiliary conditions is discussed, and a representation result for solutions of problems involving it is proven. This representation decomposes the solution into a smooth oute...

We study the approximation properties of some general finiteelement spaces constructed using improved graded meshes. In our results, either the approximating function or the function to be approximated (or both) are in a weighted Sobolev space. The finite-element spaces that we define are obtained from conformally invariant families of finite elements (no affine invariance is used), stressing t...

Abstract This paper deals with functionally graded materials (FGM) as modern in transport vehicles. Basic methods of FGM production and areas their application are presented, well an example modelling plate. Bending freely supported square plates under the influence sinusoidal transverse load was analyzed. The made metal (aluminium) ceramic (alumina) which material characteristics change a func...

purpose: mesh technique is the standard for inguinal hernia repair because of less recurrence,   but it is inferior or equal to sutured technique in case of other post-operative complications   such as chronic pain. this clinical trial set out to compare these two techniques.   materials and methods: a total number of 322 cases of unilateral inguinal hernia in participants   older than 18 years...

Stability and convergence of a time-weighted discrete scheme with nonuniform time steps are established for linear reaction-subdiffusion equations. The Caupto derivative is approximated at an offset point by using quadratic polynomial interpolation. Our analysis relies on two tools: fractional Gr\"{o}nwall inequality the global consistency analysis. new makes use interpolation error formula pol...

In this study, a simple 4-node locking-alleviated mixed finite element (denoted as CEQ4) is developed, for the modeling of homogeneous or functionally graded or laminated thick-section composite beam structures, without using higher-order (in the thickness direction) or layer-wise zig-zag theories of composite laminates which are widely popularized in current literature. Following the work of [...