This paper examines the problem of building scalable, fault-tolerant distributed systems from collections of communicating process groups while maintaining well-deened end-to-end delivery semantics. Our approach to inter-group communication takes advantage of modular group composition. We introduce a generic model which provides a distinction between intra-group and inter-group communication, a...

1. In this study a series of experiments showing the antigenic relationship of type 10 and type 12 group A hemolytic streptococci is reported. Agglutinin, precipitin, and passive protection tests with unabsorbed and reciprocally absorbed antisera were employed to show that representative type 10 and 12 strains contain serologically identical M antigens but unrelated type-specific T antigens. 2....

Two-stage collaborative exams are an increasingly popular form of formative assessment which have shown promising results in promoting student learning. While the benefit two-stage is well researched, there no clear consensus on best way implementing them—specifically with respect to forming groups. In some studies students self-select their groups, and others they assigned by instructor (eithe...

Understanding/predicting ecological invasions is an important challenge in modern ecology because of their immense economical and ecological costs. Recent studies have revealed that within-species variation in behaviour (i.e. animal personality) can shed light on the invasion process. The general hypothesis is that individuals' personality type may affect their colonization success, suggesting ...

At Kalmar Maritime Academy (KMA) the first-year students at the Master Mariner program complete a course in the use of ARPA 1 . The course includes eight simulator exercises, where seven of them are completed in pairs and the last exercise is an individual assessment. Previously, instructors have encouraged students to choose a new partner for each of the first seven exercises; however, the rea...

In instant messaging (IM) systems, it is useful to know during an IM conversation whether the other party is composing a message; e.g., typing or recording an audio message. This document defines a new status message content type and XML namespace that conveys information about a message being composed. The status message can indicate the composition of a message of any type, including text, vo...

Since Simmel’s early work on forms of association, the processes guiding group composition have commanded considerable attention in structural sociology, but have not led to a general methodology for examining compositional properties. By introducing a structural event approach, this study offers a new technique that is not restricted to analysis of dyads or triads nor post hoc analysis of thos...

The cls mutation conferring a defect in cardiolipin synthesis (Pluschke, G., Hirota, Y., and Overath, P. (1978) d BioC. Chem 253, 5048-5055) has been introduced into an Escherichia coli strain defective in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in order to study the effect of changes in polar head group composition on the ordered c, fluid phase transition f the membrane phospholipids. The defect in c...

I will review the progress of VLT spectroscopy of large numbers of individual stars in nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies. This spectroscopy has allowed us to obtain detailed insights into the chemical and dynamical properties of the resolved stellar population in these nearby systems.