The congruence between the order of cladistic branching and the first appearance dates of fossil lineages can be quantified using a variety of indices. Good matching is a prerequisite for the accurate time calibration of trees, while the distribution of congruence indices across large samples of cladograms has underpinned claims about temporal and taxonomic patterns of completeness in the fossi...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the pathoanatomic features of patellar instability by arthroscopically comparing patellofemoral congruence with rotation of the knee joint and/or electrical stimulation of the quadriceps (ESQ) between knees with and without patellar instability. METHODS We retrospectively examined 83 knee joints in 83 patients. The joints were classified into 2...

Using the Freese-McKenzie commutator theory for congruence modular varieties as the starting point, we develop commutator theory for the variety of loops. The fundamental theorem of congruence commutators for loops relates generators of the congruence commutator to generators of the total inner mapping group. We specialize the fundamental theorem into several varieties of loops, and also discus...

We introduce the concept of interval-valued fuzzy congruences on a semigroup S and we obtain some important results: First, for any interval-valued fuzzy congruence R on a group G, the interval-valued congruence class Re is an interval-valued fuzzy normal subgroup of G. Second, for any interval-valued fuzzy congruence R on a groupoid S, we show that a binary operation ∗ an S/R is well-defined a...

9 The theory of chi processes with the mismatch operator is studied. Four congruence relations are investigated. These are late open congruence, early open congruence, ground congruence and 11 barbed congruence. The late and early open congruence relations are the chi calculus counterparts of the weak late and early congruence relations of pi calculus. Both turn out to be special cases 13 of th...

Minor degrees of malalignment of the patella and anatomical abnormalities including a flattened sulcus angle and an increased ratio between patellar tendon length and patellar length (PT:P) have been suggested as predisposing factors in the causation of chondromalacia patellae, as well as patellar instability. In order to confirm or refute this hypothesis a prospective study has been performed ...

In the book, General Lattice Theory, the first author raised the following problem (Problem II.18): Let L be a nontrivial lattice and let G be a group. Does there exist a lattice K such that K and L have isomorphic congruence lattices and the automorphism group of K is isomorphic to G? The finite case was solved, in the affirmative, by V.A. Baranskĭı and A. Urquhart in 1978, independently. In 1...

assistance. We would also like to thank Thomas Armentrout for his involvement in the project, Cindy Young for her data entry and analysis efforts, and Kelly Gable for her assistance in manuscript preparation. In this quasi-experimental study, we investigate value congruence and demographic dissimilarity among group members as factors which influence various types of conflict within workgroups. ...

We derive explicit isomorphisms between certain congruence subgroups of the Siegel modular group, Hermitian group over an arbitrary imaginary-quadratic number field and Hurwitz quaternions degree 2 discriminant kernels special orthogonal groups SO 0 (2, n), n = 3, 4, 6. The proof is based on application linear algebra adapted to theoretical needs.

In this paper, we define the notions of fuzzy congruence relations and fuzzy convex subalgebras on a commutative residuated lattice and we obtain some related results. In particular, we will show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the set of all fuzzy congruence relations and the set of all fuzzy convex subalgebras on a commutative residuated lattice. Then we study fuzzy...