Sammelweis first introduced the concept of infection control in hospitals in the mid-1800s but i t was not until about 20 years ago that the control of hospital infection has become such an important issue. In the United States, i t is estimated that approximately 5% of all hospital admissions acquire hospital infection.' The financial expense related to the management of these infections is es...

We investigate the use of permutation tests for the analysis of parallel and stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trials. Permutation tests for parallel designs with exponential family endpoints have been extensively studied. The optimal permutation tests developed for exponential family alternatives require information on intraclass correlation, a quantity not yet defined for time-to-event endpoin...

conclusions in this study, nosocomial infections had a lower frequency in comparison with the national rates. according to researches, hospitals have been able to reduce nosocomial infections by establishing strategies and getting the risks under control. results the results of the present study showed that the incidence of nosocomial infections was low (i.e., < 2%). the incidence rates of noso...

BACKGROUND Nosocomial or hospital acquired infection has been recognized as a serious public health problem in the last twenty years. In most hospitals in Africa-South of the Sahara, although the types of community acquired infections are known, neither the magnitude, nor the common types of nosocomial infections has been documented. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to find the prevalence...

Nosocomial infections are a major concern for both patients and clinicians. Hospital related infections cause significant mortality (20%) *1+ and morbidity and, in the majority of cases, are preventable. In addition to the human cost, the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms has made management of hospital acquired infections more complex and expensive. The National Health Foundation is ...

background and objectives: bacterial bloodstream infections (bsis) and surgical site infections (ssis) are among the most common nosocomial infections with high mortality and morbidity. we aimed to evaluate the frequency of various species among bsis and ssis at tehran heart center, tehran, iran. methods: patients with localized or systemic infections that became evident 48 hours or more after ...

VOLUME 93 NO. 9 SEMPTEMBER 2010 Approximately two million patients develop a hospital-acquired infection each year in the USA, contributing to approximately 100,000 deaths. To put this into perspective, there are an estimated 70,000 deaths in the US each year due to accidents of all causes. Thus, hospital-acquired infections are one of the leading causes of death in the US. Until recently, ther...

The epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infections among patients requiring chronic hemodialysis, a high-risk and rapidly growing population, have not been fully elucidated. During a 30-month cohort study, rates of bloodstream infections (BSIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, and diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile and the distribution of pathogens among hospitalized...