Education for sustainable development (ESD) is a concept that goes far beyond environmental education. It is the educational process of achieving human development (which envisages three pillars of human development: “economic growth”, “social development”, and “environmental protection”) in an inclusive, equitable and secure manner. It, thus, includes education for: poverty alleviation, human ...

The Lisbon strategy has prioritized socio-economic issues in the European development. Through the Lisbon strategy together with the Gothenburg strategy Europe is striving for a balance between the social, economic and ecological dimension of sustainable development. In research the social dimension did only get limited attention because it is difficult to conceptualize. Politicians have diffic...

one of the fundamental notions of realization of sustainable city within the framework of the theory of sustainable development is what affects the urban green spaces as well as the influence they may have. as the upshot of years’ worth of experiences in the ideology of iranian urban design, iranian garden is of magnificently high position which possesses the potentials to act as the green spac...

Th e concept of sustainable development attempts to reconcile the real confl icts between the economy and the environment, and between present needs and those of the future. Many explanations of sustainable development exist, but generally the term refers to sustaining intact ecosystems with their associated species while developing or improving ways to meet human needs for health, nutrition, a...

introduction there is a wide transformation achieving to sustainable development terms. sustainable development is not a new concept but it shows the process of transformation of social, economic and natural systems. at the end of 1987s a new paradigm, called sustainability, concluded that scientific evidence demonstrated rapid destruction of air, water, species of flora and fauna, deserts, for...

examining historical urban fabric of iranian desert cities demonstrates that one of the best response to the natural laws in the establishment of an appropriate built environment for human life, was considered in these settlement principles applied to the establishment of these cities not only did not impose disturbance and damages to the environment but have also granted perfection to matters....

Nations in the 21st century face a complex mix of environmental and social challenges, as highlighted by the on-going Sustainable Development Goals process. The "planetary boundaries" concept [Rockström J, et al. (2009) Nature 461(7263):472-475], and its extension through the addition of social well-being indicators to create a framework for "safe and just" inclusive sustainable development [Ra...

Recent expansion of the scale of human activities poses severe threats to Earth's life-support systems. Increasingly, protected areas (PAs) are expected to serve dual goals: protect biodiversity and secure ecosystem services. We report a nationwide assessment for China, quantifying the provision of threatened species habitat and four key regulating services-water retention, soil retention, sand...