Family members provide most of the patient care and administer most of the treatments to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Family caregivers have an important impact on clinical outcomes, such as quality of life (QoL). As a consequence of this service, family caregivers suffer high rates of psychological and physical illness as well as social and financial burdens. Hence, it is important ...

Introduction: People with schizophrenia need the role of family as a caregiver. Objectives: The aim this study was to describe burden caregiver for patients in an outpatient polyclinic setting, Menur Mental Health Hospital Surabaya. Methods: Total participants were 160 caregivers who carry out routine check-ups families schizophrenia. data obtained using Indonesian version Zarit Burden Intervie...

Clearance of UICC amosite asbestos from the lungs during chronic--that is, repeated--exposure was investigated by using the scanning electron microscope to measure lung burdens from rats which had inhaled amosite asbestos at an approximately constant concentration of 0.1 mg/m3 or, equivalently, 20 fibres/ml for seven hours a day, five days a week for up to 18 months. The lung burdens were compa...

We shall argue that burdens of proof are relevant also to monological reasoning, i.e., for deriving the conclusions of a knowledge-base allowing for conflicting arguments. Reasoning with burdens of proof can provide a useful extension of current argument-based non-monotonic logics, at least a different perspective on them. Firstly we shall provide an objective characterisation of burdens of pro...

Environmental factors such as air pollution are known to exacerbate respiratory illness and increase the overall health risk. However, on a daily or seasonal basis, relation between pollutants, weather disease asthma is not clear. When combined with aeroallergens birch pollen under specific conditions, synergistic effects may symptoms of morbidity then reveal interesting links environmental fac...

The Disease Control Priorities (DCP) project has substantially influenced national and global health priorities since 1993. DCP’s basic framework involves identification of disease burdens based on premature deaths and disability and application of the most cost-effective interventions to the largest burdens, taking into account local feasibility. The future impact of DCP will need to take into...

PURPOSE To compare the prevalence of high out-of-pocket burdens among patients with cancer with other chronically ill and well patients, and to examine the sociodemographic characteristics associated with high burdens among patients with cancer. METHODS The sample included persons 18 to 64 years of age who received treatment for cancer, taken from a nationally representative sample of the US ...

A formal model is proposed of argumentation with burdens and standards of proof, overcoming shortcomings of earlier work. The model is based on a distinction between default and inverted burdens of proof. This distinction is formalised by adapting the definition of defeat of the ASPIC+ framework for structured argumentation. Since ASPIC+ generates abstract argumentation frameworks, the model is...

BACKGROUND Many low- and middle-income countries are not on track to reach the public health targets set out in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We evaluated whether differential progress towards health MDGs was associated with economic development, public health funding (both overall and as percentage of available domestic funds), or health system infrastructure. We also examined the i...