Drug addiction is a serious threat to the health of individuals. Not only does this affect the life of the individual, it also creates many disadvantages and deficits for the family and society. Substance-dependent individuals are considered socially vulnerable. Unfortunately, addiction recurrence has many effects on the individual, society, and family. An individual who returns toward the subs...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

abstract previous studies on willingness to communicate (wtc) have shown the influence of many individual or situational factors on students’ tendency to engage in classroom communication, in which wtc has been viewed either at the trait-level or situational level. however, due to the complexity of the notion of willingness to communicate, the present study suggests that these two strands are ...

Aims: Adolescents overcome social challenges and problems by empowering their behaviors in different contexts. The purpose of this study was to survey the relationship between social deficits and individual skills with behavioral empowerment in Yazd high school students. Instrument & Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. The statistical population of this ...