distribution income show how national income divide between economic sectors and social groups. it effect on social justice and many factors effect on it, such as productivity of labor force and employment rate. in this paper, factors affecting distribution income, especially productivity of labor force have been analyzed by panel data model for 32 countries during 1998-2005. the results show e...

This paper analyzes the effects of government debt and income taxes on consumption and saving in a world of infinitely lived households having uncertain and heterogeneous incomes. The special structure of the model allows exact aggregation across households despite incomplete markets. The effects of government debt are shown to be substantial, roughly comparable to those resulting from finite h...

BACKGROUND Low income is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Diabetes is more prevalent among low income groups, and low income patients with diabetes have been shown to have a greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors and worse cardiovascular outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether income status was associated with burden of coronary atherosclerosis in p...

Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism. To achieve common prosperity, unbalanced urban–rural development, insufficient regional and progressively increasing income disparity between groups must be solved. The measure raising the low expanding middle receiving more attention in gradually achieving prosperity. In order to formulate long-term increase strategies for low-income ...

This paper revisits the issue of income convergence by examining the question of whether poorer Census Block Groups have been catching up with wealthier Census Block Groups over the 1980-2000 period. The dataset consists of 161 Census Block Groups in Alabama’s west-central Black Belt region. Estimates of a spatial lag model provide support for the conditional convergence hypothesis and explain ...

This paper investigates the impact of family income, material deprivation, maternal socioeconomic status and child-rearing behaviour on an indicator of cognitive functioning, using data for children aged 6 to 17 years from the British National Child Development Study. There are large differences in cognitive functioning by income, before differences in other socio-economic indicators had been c...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the association between income and health-related quality of life using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) Chinese version in Hong Kong Chinese working population. DESIGN Cross-sectional observation study. SETTING A commercial company in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS All clerical and administrative staff of a commercial company was invited to participate; 876 o...