We study the quantity distance between node j and node n in a random tree of size n chosen from a family of increasing trees. For those subclass of increasing tree families, which can be constructed via a tree evolution process, we give closed formulæ for the probability distribution, the expectation and the variance. Furthermore we derive a distributional decomposition of the random variable c...

Martin Klazar computed the total weight of ordered trees under 12 different notions of weight. The last and perhaps most interesting of these weights, w12, led to a recurrence relation and an identity for which he requested combinatorial explanations. Here we provide such explanations. To do so, we introduce the notion of a “Klazar violator” vertex in an increasing ordered tree and observe that...

abstract- to study the effect of tree roots on increasing water infiltration in soil and also to determine and assess the coefficients of different infiltration models, some infiltration tests were performed in three tree plantation areas in badjgah, fars province with different soil textures (clay loam for pear plantation, sandy loam for grape plantation, loamy sand for pine trees). in each pl...

This study uses data from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank website and tree cores collected in the field to explore growth rate (basal area increment, BAI) relationships across age classes (from young to old) for eight tree species in the eastern US. These species represent a variety of ecological traits and include those in the genera Populus, Quercus, Pinus, Tsuga and Nyssa. We found tha...

The effects of initial spacing layout on some allometric characteristics of 12-year-old Quercus castaneifolia trees grown in Central Mazandaran, north of Iran were examined. Trees were planted in 5 different layouts (1?1, 1.5?1.5, 2?2.5, 2?3 and 4?4 m). Tree height, diameter at breast height, natural pruning height and the survival of trees were recorded in each sample plot. Tree basal area and...