P atent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common problem, with rates of 40– 55% in babies born less than 29 weeks’ gestation, 2 yet decisions related to management remain highly controversial. Despite numerous studies on the topic there remains uncertainty with respect to diagnosis, assignment of clinical importance, whether treatment is indicated and if so the preferred treatment modality. The most f...

background: chronic abuse of opiates induces dependency, but the neurobiological mechanisms of this event remain unclear. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intracerebroventricular of venlafaxine on the morphine dependence and pain perception. methods: a total of 80 adult male rats were divided into two major groups: (1) 40 of them was divided into groups of positive control (...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether continued methotrexate treatment increases the risk of postoperative infections or of surgical complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) within one year of elective orthopaedic surgery. DESIGN A prospective randomised study of postoperative infection or surgical complications occurring within one year of surgery in patients with RA who underwent ...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell lines. In this study, we examined the effect of NSAIDs on the growth and apoptosis of synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and analyzed the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ) as a possible mechanism of action of NSAIDs. Cell proliferation and ...

BACKGROUND The risk of upper gastrointestinal (GI) complications associated with the use of NSAIDs is a serious public health concern. The risk varies between individual NSAIDs; however, there is little information on the risk associated with some NSAIDs and on the impact of risk factors. These data are necessary to evaluate the benefit-risk of individual NSAIDs for clinical and health policy d...

P remature infants with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are at increased risk of more prolonged and more severe respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death than similar infants whose ductuses have closed. In an attempt to improve the outcome for these infants, three broad strategies have been proposed: prophylactic ‘‘closure’’, closure of the asymptomatic but clinicall...

•Switchable, base-controlled reincorporation/release of SO2•Highly chemoselective and scalable photoinduced protocol•Gaseous alkenes were well tolerated•Broad substrate scope application to functionalization high value-added molecules Control selectivity is a centrally important issue in radical chemistry. In this field, switching product the difunctionalization alkenes, stemming from same star...