This article examines the livelihood strategies of land scarce peasants in Ethiopian. Land scarce peasants have a limited livelihood security on a sustainable manner and bypassed by major development programmes. The study was centred on two sets of rationales. First, for those peasants who do not have sufficient farmland, agriculture provides only a limited portion of households’ livelihood...

There is little consensus on the corporate diversification-efficiency relationship in the diversification literature. According to the corporate diversification, firms have a tendency to get more market share with diversifying in the local segment or in the international market. Theoretically, a contradictory exists between the profitable strategy and the value reducing strategy in the diversif...

Abstract Small-scale aquaculture systems can contribute significantly to food and nutritional security, poverty alleviation, rural development, especially in developing countries. However, the intensification of often has negative environmental outcomes. The adoption diversification practices (e.g. polyculture, pond-dike cropping (PDC)) better management (BMPs) been identified as a possible app...

The swarm-based Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm has a significant range of applications and is competent, compared to other algorithms, regarding many optimization problems. However, the ABC’s performance in higher-dimension situations towards global optima not on par with models due its deficiency balancing intensification diversification. In this research, two different strategies are a...

Abstract In the past few years, diversification has turned into a highly controversial issue amongst numerous managers in almost each and every business. It is contended by many that diversification is vitally important and highly effective especially when it comes to evaluating the financial performance. There are several studies about the relationship between diversification and financial per...

Available online 28 February 2009

This paper addresses the lot-sizing and scheduling problem of pulp and paper mills involving multiple paper machines. The underlying multi-stage integrated production process considers the following critical units: continuous digester, intermediate stocks of pulp and liquor, multiple paper machines and a recovery line to treat by-products. This work presents a mixed integer programming (MIP) mo...

The opening stages of speciation remain poorly understood, especially from a genomic perspective. The genomes of newly discovered crater-lake cichlid fish shed light on the early phases of diversification and suggest that selection acts on multiple genomic regions.

Evaluating biodiversity and understanding the processes involved in diversification are noticeable conservation issues in fishes subject to large, sometimes illegal, ornamental trade purposes. Here, the diversity and evolutionary history of the Neotropical dwarf cichlid genus Apistogramma from several South American countries are investigated. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers are used to infer...