obscure gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding is defined when the source of gi bleeding could not be determined by upper endoscopy, colonoscopy or barium small bowel transit. in this report, a 41 year-old man presented with a history of over ten recurrent episodes of melena since four years prior to admission. the source of bleeding was not detected by multiple upper and lower gi endoscopies. during t...

ileosigmoid knotting (isk), also known as compound volvulus or double volvulus, is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. the incidence of isk is not well known, but it generally occurs in areas with a high incidence of sigmoid volvulus (sv). ileosigmoid knotting is predominately seen in males (80.2%) with a mean age of 40 years. in an ileosigmoid knot, closed proximal loops of the ileum becom...

objective(s):transporters have an important role in pharmacokinetics of drugs. inhibition or induction of drug transporters activity can affect drug absorption, safety, and efficacy. p-glycoprotein (p-gp) is the most important membrane transporter that is responsible for active efflux of drugs. it is important to understand which drugs are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of p-gp to minimize...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder (gp) black seed (bs) and plant premix (gp and bs) in the diet on broiler growth performance and intestinal morphology. included 480 hubbard broiler chicks(day-old). there were 4 treatment groups each consisting of 3 replicates. the four dietary treatments consisted of a control (basal diet), basal diet +0.5% gp, basal diet +0....

background:avian intestinal spirochetosis (ais) is causedby spiral-shaped gram-negative brachyspira spp. in poultry. it isknown as a cause of diarrhea, low egg production, and increasedoccurrence of dirty eggs in layer hens. objectives: in this study,the presence of some brachyspira spp. was investigated in layinghens. methods: a total of 100 cloacal swab samples wereindividually collected from...

abstract objective: diabetes is now known as one of the chronic diseases that besides body have negative effects on the psychological status of patients and it is one of the predisposition diseases which can lead to opportunistic infection like pathogens parasites. the aim of present study was frequency distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in diabetic patients – in yazd. materials an...

aim : this study used the olga system to characterize the histology pattern of gastritis in dyspeptic outpatients with a mean age of 45 years from regions with different gastric cancer risks.   background : several classification systems have been purposed for understanding the status of the gastric mucosa.  currently, the sydney system is the most widely employed. nevertheless, the applicabili...

objective(s): to investigate the efficacy of interleukin 11 (il-11) towards the high dose methotrexate (hdmtx)-concurrent rat small intestinal mucositis and its impacts on the proliferation of the human t-lymphoblastic leukemia (cem) cell line. materials and methods:95 wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, the normal control group (a), the methotrexate (mtx) control group (b), the...