DNA vaccination against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is an attractive and alternative strategy to the use of classical inactivated viral vaccines. The injection of a pcDNA3.1-based DNA vaccine encoding for FMDV P1-2A3C3D and GM-CSF proteins had previously been shown to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against FMDV and partially protect swine against an experimental challe...

INTRODUCTION True allergy to local anesthetics, especially lidocaine, is uncommon. Most adverse reactions to this group of medications are classified as psychomotor, autonomic or toxic. In the case of suspected hypersensitivity to local anesthetics, skin testing is considered to be a useful tool - patch tests and intradermal tests for delayed hypersensitivity and skin prick tests and intraderma...

BACKGROUND Intradermal skin testing with inactivated vaccinia virus was evaluated for its prediction of residual immunity to smallpox. METHODS An intradermal skin test was performed with heat-inactivated Lancy-Vaxina. Two days later, the subjects were vaccinated with Lancy-Vaxina. The skin lesions resulting from this vaccination were used as a surrogate marker of residual immunity to smallpox...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether a suture technique in upper blepharoplasty may be the cause of differences in the occurrence of suture abscess formation and focal inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Level I, randomized controlled trial. The upper blepharoplasty wound was closed with a running intradermal suture. External intradermal suturing implied that this suture was started by initially pas...

OBJECTIVE The skin is an important immunological barrier of the body as well as an optimal route for vaccine administration. Gua Sha, which involves press-stroke treatment of the skin, is an effective folk therapy, widely accepted in East Asia, for various symptoms; however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects have not been clarified. We investigated the influence of Gua Sha on th...

Biodegradable cationic poly(β-amino esters) (PBAE) nanoparticles are promising tools for delivering genes into various types of cells and tissues. Specific end-modification of the PBAE terminal parts significantly improves the efficiency of gene delivery in vitro and in vivo, and reduces cytotoxicity. Here, we demonstrated that amine end-modified PBAE nanoparticles can be used for intradermal d...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of the intradermal Copenhagen BCG vaccine in neonates at different levels of delivery and neonatal units of the Durban Functional Region and surrounding regions. METHODS A prospective study was carried out over a two-year period between July 1997 and June 1999. All neonates who had been vaccinated with the intradermal vaccine were evaluated at immunization cli...

BACKGROUND Melanocytic nevi typically show a morphologic sequence of maturation from epithelioid "type A" cells to fusiform, Schwann cell-like "type C" cells with dermal descent. Nevi may also produce Wagner-Meissner-like structures (nevic corpuscles). Previous studies have shown that this maturation of intradermal nevi recapitulates intermediate stages in Schwann cell development. In intraderm...

PURPOSE Since 1980s, human enterovirus-71 virus (HEV-71) is one of the common infectious disease in Asian Pacific region since late 1970s without effective commercial antiviral or protective vaccine is unavailable yet. The work examines the role of vaccine adjuvant particle size and the route of administration on postvaccination antibody response towards HEV-71 vaccine adsorbed to calcium phosp...