Correct selection of manufacturing condition is one of the most important aspects which should be considered in the majority of manufacturing processes,  particularly in the process related to advanced machining process like electrical discharge machining. In electrical discharge machining (EDM), dielectric fluid plays an important role since machining characteristics are greatly influenced by ...

We studied the stability and linearity of the AVL and Nova Mg and Ca ion-selective electrodes and the relation between the ionized Ca and ionized Mg results reported by each analyzer. The response of the electrodes to different concentrations of Mg and Ca was determined for saline solutions, aqueous solutions, and serum samples. The electrodes from both manufacturers demonstrated acceptable sta...

There is an urgent need for brackish groundwater-based irrigation methods to be developed saline soils that are effective, economically advantageous, and environmentally friendly. The use of both ionized water polyacrylamide (PAM) might provide such a method. long-term can lead the secondary salinization soil and, as consequence, restrict development agricultural economy. Here, we conducted one...

Patients with cluster headaches have been reported to have low serum ionized magnesium levels. We examined the possibility that patients with cluster headaches and low ionized magnesium levels may respond to an intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. Thirty-eight infusions of magnesium sulfate were given to 22 patients with cluster headaches. The mean ionized magnesium level prior to 23 infu...

BACKGROUND Hard water is associated with atopic dermatitis (eczema). We wanted to determine if a baby cleanser and its individual components altered free ionized calcium (Ca2+) in a simulated hard water baby bath. For these studies, an in vitro determination of free Ca2+ in a simulated hard water baby bath, and an in vivo exploratory study of free Ca2+ absorption into skin from hard water were ...

As a physiochemical property, asphaltenes are known to be one the most surface active compounds in crude oil. Due to such property, their behavior is most probably influenced by fluid-fluid interactions at the contact surface (interface). Potentially and naturally, in most cases, water is in contact with crude oil and is co-produced with it as well. Considering that asphaltene molecules are pol...

High and low levels of ionized serum calcium concentration can produce characteristic changes on the electrocardiogram. These changes are almost entirely limited to the duration of the ST segment, with no change in the QRS complexes or T waves. High ionized serum calcium shortens the ST segment, and low ionized serum calcium prolongs the ST segment. Two common clinical scenarios are presented.