BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of polygenic etiology. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) microsatellite as a proinflammatory cytokine is believed to play an important role in the etiology of this disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of TNF-α microsatellite sequence variation in patients with MS and its risk factor in the s...

OBJECTIVE To our knowledge, only a few Iranian studies have investigated factors associated with obesity among men. The aims of the present study were to explore the associations between sociodemographic factors, smoking and obesity in Iranian men and compare these associations between Iranian men and women. DESIGN We used data from the National Health Survey in Iran. A generalised estimating...

Public health in the United States began as a largely urban phenomenon, dating back to the late 1700s. In those days, public health was mostly concerned with issues such as sanitation and communicable diseases, which were of greater concern in areas with higher population density. By the late 1800s, however, it was apparent that the country's population was becoming more mobile and communicable...

Rural residents in need of health care face many challenges. In 2009 the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust created the Rural Healthcare Program to improve access to and quality of care in areas of the upper Midwest challenged by health care workforce shortages and low population density. The program has focused its efforts on telehealth in seven upper Midwestern states. Since 2009...

Summary In order to establish the normative curves for BMD in Iranian individuals, we measured BMDs at the lumbar spine and femoral regions of 760 women and 632 men using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This study provides a baseline normative for Iranian individuals. BMD values of Iranian subjects were generally lower than those of the American population. Introduction In order to establish ...

BACKGROUND Knowledge of linkage disequilibrium (LD) levels among different populations can be used to detect genetic diversity and to investigate the historical changes in population sizes. Availability of large numbers of SNP through new sequencing technologies has provided opportunities for extensive researches in quantifying LD patterns in cattle breeds. The aim of this study was to compare ...