In the wake of Jacobs’s criticisms of planning, planners increasingly felt a level of angst over, or even responsibility for, the condition of the city. Schooled in preparing and implementing plans and land use regulations, they appreciated the appeal of a new movement that offered a simple, tangible, and marketable recipe for practice. New urbanism theory is one of the contemporary urban theor...

squares as urban spaces are the arena for people formed by physical proportions and variety offunctions such as religious, commercial, cultural, etc. shohada square as a focal point in mashhad , is one of themain arteries of access to holly shrine of imam reza and makes access to utilities and major axes . according tothe former urban pattern and its position in the traditional context of surro...

The idea of open source, stemming from software development is being applied in various fields, including urbanism, as the concept Open Source Urbanism (OSU). This approach promotes a transparent process, where methodology used and developed final outcomes are for others to use, modify, adjust even profit while also sharing their process results openly. In this paper, principles criteria source...

iran, between third to fifth centuries ad, witnessed one of the urbanization boom periods in his history. in this period, iranian towns were capable of commodity exchange and  manufacturing  products. in this context, growth of knowledge and rationalism , moderation in politics, community participation, growth and development of the intellectual trends and movements caused rationality and reaso...

10 BUILT ENVIRONMENT VOL 43 NO 1 Despite these apparent benefits, scholars note that globalization may also present certain risks to industry.1 The opening of international trade and communications threatens copyrighted content, trade secrets, and other proprietary information; even more troublesome and less obvious, there is a danger that as companies shift production abroad, their capacity to...

This work is part of an ongoing project, which focuses on the application of AR in Architecture and Urbanism and heritage studies seek to develop interactive multimedia platform and contents about historic buildings known as "Quarteirão dos Trapiches" on Laranjeiras, city of Sergipe State on Brazil. This project explores the potential of mobile applications to disseminate the architectural heri...

Squares as urban spaces are the arena for people formed by physical proportions and variety offunctions such as religious, commercial, cultural, etc. Shohada square as a focal point in Mashhad , is one of themain arteries of access to Holly shrine of Imam Reza and makes access to utilities and major axes . According tothe former urban pattern and its position in the traditional context of surro...