We present our 5–16 μm spectro-imaging observations of VV114, an infrared luminous early-stage merger of two galaxies VV114E and VV114W, taken with the ISOCAM camera on-board the Infrared Space Observatory. We find that only 40% of the mid-infrared (MIR) flux is associated with a compact nuclear region of VV114E, while the rest of the emission originates from a rather diffuse component extended...

this research was carried out to evaluate the effects of some morphophysiological traits on white sugar yield of 10 commercial sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) varieties. all experiments were conducted in four important sugar beet growing areas in iran, i.e. moghan, khoy, karaj and zarghan in 2006 and 2007. the experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications i...

Sub-single-cycle pulses in the mid-infrared (MIR) region were generated through a laser-induced filament. The fundamental (ω1) and second harmonic (ω2) output of a 30-fs Ti:sapphire amplifier were focused into nitrogen gas and produce phase-stable broadband MIR pulses (ω0) by using a four-wave mixing process (ω1 + ω1 − ω2 → ω0) through filamentation. The spectrum spread from 400 cm−1 to 5500 cm...

The accuracy of phylogenetic inference can be significantly improved by the addition of more taxa and by increasing the spatial coverage of sampling. In previous studies, the brown mussel Perna perna showed a sister-lineage relationship between eastern and western individuals contiguously distributed along the South African coastline. We used mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS) sequence data ...

Abstract. We present an elementary model of random size varying population given by a stationary continuous state branching process. For this model we compute the joint distribution of: the time to the most recent common ancestor, the size of the current population and the size of the population just before the most recent common ancestor (MRCA). In particular we show a natural mild bottleneck ...

1 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, P. R. China. 2 College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China. 3 Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea. 4 De...

In a population of constant size, whose family sizes evolve as Wright-Fisher diffusions, all individuals alive at time t have a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) who lived at time A(t), say. The process (A(t)) has piecewise constant paths. At each jump time En, a new MRCA takes over, who lived at time Bn := A(En). We construct the random sequence (Bn, En) in terms of a look-down process and in...