BACKGROUND Abnormal labor is one of the common emergency obstetric problems contributing for more than two-thirds of the unplanned cesarean section. In Ethiopia, although labor abnormality and its complications like obstetric fistula are highly prevalent, there is no published study that determines the predictors of labor abnormalities. METHODS The study design was an unmatched case control w...

Trade and Labor Reallocation with Heterogeneous Enforcement of Labor Regulations This paper revisits the question of how trade openness affects labor market outcomes in a developing country setting. We explore the fact that plants face varying degrees of exposure to global markets and to the enforcement of labor market regulations, and rely on Brazil’s currency crisis in 1999 as an exogenous so...

physiologists have shown that increased fluids improve skeletal muscle performance in prolonged exercise.typical orders provide for 125 ml of intravenous fluids per hour in patients taking limited oral fluids during labor. our purpose in this study was to determine whether increased intravenous fluids affect the progress of labor. in a prospective randomized institutional clinical trial, one-hu...

background: spontaneous preterm labor is one of the common obstetrics problems causing several physical, psychological and economical outcomes. although due to these outcomes and the efficacy of cares for decreasing them, preterm labor screening is cost-effective and it is still one of the challenging issues in obstetrics. objective: in this study preterm labor screening by using cervical trans...

Introduction: Considering the high incidence of preterm labor and its known complications, and that human myometrium contains receptors for human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) and that hCG can inhibit myometrial contractions on vitro, made me study treating effects of hCG on preterm labor. This clinical trial study was carried out to compare the effect of hCG, and magnesium sulfate (mgso4) on pre...

in despite of all progress in technology in mining industry, still labor is one of the key factors in mining operation. this paper presents a system dynamics approach to evaluate the mining labor productivity. therefore, after the identification of main effective variables, two quantitative and qualitative models were built. the qualitative model illustrates the complex interrelated structure o...