Background: The road to respond to the needs of today's modern world, affected by the advancement of technological tools, seeks to increase speed and increasing safety. This study seeks to improve the landscape quality of roads, explains the effective criteria in road design and the need to pay attention to the category of design ethics and emphasizes them. Conclusion: In order to increase the...

The paradigm of service-oriented architectures (SOA) is by now accepted for application integration and in widespread use. As an underlying key-technology of cloud computing and because of unresolved issues during operation and maintenance it remains a hot topic. SOA encapsulates business functionality in services, combining aspects from both the business and infrastructure level. The reuse of ...

the notion of sustainable development has rapidly gained considerable attention since the lastdecades of the twentieth century. it has become a locus for global paradigm shift on environment and development issues particularly after rio conference in 1992. the comparative analysis of agenda 21 and major un documents, mdg, and rio+20 as well as some major sources are made to provide a context fo...

Adverse changes in rangeland vegetation can be considered as one of the criteria for land degradation. Some of these changes can be evaluated through monitoring the spatial changes of landscape parameters. This study aimed to investigate the landscape changes in Kezab rangelands of Yazd province, central Iran. Landsat satellite images of 1990, 2002, and 2013, and landscape metrics including Tot...

The Northwest Forest Plan was implemented in 1994 to protect habitat for species associated with old-growth forests, including Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentailis caurina) in Washington, Oregon, and northern California (U.S.A.). Nevertheless, 10-year monitoring data indicate mixed success in meeting the ecological goals of the plan. We used the ecosystem management decision-support model...

The Internet and WEB pervasivenesses are changing the landscape of several different areas, ranging from information gathering/managing and commerce to software development, maintenance and evolution. Software companies having a geographically distributed structure, or geographically distributed customers, are adopting information communication technologies to cooperate. Communication technolog...

Conservation of wide-ranging endangered species is increasingly focused on large heterogeneous landscapes. At such scales, particularly when conservation landscapes are human dominated, it is imperative that prioritization techniques be used to allocate limited resources wisely. Moreover, spatial aspects of conservation planning warrant key consideration within these landscapes, such that certa...