Formative assessment is deemed the collaborative processes in which teachers and learners are engaged for the purpose of understanding the learners' learning and diagnosing their strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, teachers' beliefs about formative assessment are paramount and might be influenced by a legion of variables such age, educational background, instructional experience, and g...

The Heaton techniques for assessing memory differ from most other memory measures by employing the combination of learning trials, repeated exposure to test stimuli, and 4-hour recall measures. The present study was designed to explore the relationship between the Heaton Story and Figure memory procedures, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), and measures of attention, word fluency, and ...

So far various methods for optimization presented and one of most popular of them are optimization algorithms based on swarm intelligence and also one of most successful of them is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Prior some efforts by applying fuzzy logic for improving defects of PSO such as trapping in local optimums and early convergence has been done. Moreover to overcome the problem of i...

Learning and memory are the crucial cognitive functions, which equip animals for the ability to preserve our experiences of both knowledge and motor skills that we have learned. Eyeblink conditioning is a basis form of associative learning that conditions the eyeblink reflex to a neutral stimulus that predicts an aversive stimulus. With small manipulations, eyeblink conditioning procedures have...

In the paper we presented the guidelines for the application of nonparametric statistical tests and post hoc procedures devised to perform multiple comparisons of machine learning algorithms. We emphasized it is necessary to distinguish between pairwise and multiple comparison tests. We showed that the pairwise Wilcoxon test, when employed to multiple comparisons, would lead to overoptimistic c...

A Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) system is a combination of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) in such a way that ANN learning algorithms are used to determine the parameters of FIS. Potential interactions between connectionist learning systems and evolutionary search procedures have attracted lots of research work recently. There is no guarantee that the learning algorithm conv...

OBJECTIVE : The objective of this study was to describe self-assessed student knowledge of female pelvic medicine (FPM) during the OBGYN clerkship. METHODS : Students at 6 sites scored their knowledge of 12 FPM topics and 4 procedures both before and after their clerkship. Analysis included Wilcoxon tests, Spearman correlation, and univariate and multivariate models. RESULTS : A total of 32...

Aortic valve defects are among the most prevalent clinical conditions. A severely damaged or non-functioning aortic is commonly replaced with a bioprosthetic heart (BHV) via transcatheter replacement (TAVR) procedure. Accurate pre-operative planning crucial for successful TAVR outcome. Assessment of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA), and fluid–solid interaction (...