at current study, the relationship between transnational law, globalization and international solidarity has been studied, and talcott parsons's structural functionalism approach has been used as theoretical framework. this study is based on the assumption that: any inconsistency between the legal system and other social systems can result in social anomie. in the next part of the paper, t...

nowadays in commercial contracts, parties communicate with together using standard forms. both the party's standards forms usually contain a description of the subject-matter, the price, the quantity and the delivery terms. such a situation is called the battle of forms. in such a case some questions are raised. does the exchange of the conflicting forms create a contract? if so, what are ...

A Bayesian network (BN) is a graphical model of uncertainty that is especially well-suited to legal arguments. It enables us to visualise and model dependencies between different hypotheses and pieces of evidence and to calculate the revised probability beliefs about all uncertain factors when any piece of new evidence is presented. Although BNs have been widely discussed and recently used in t...

In this paper, we address the problems caused by changes in the regulations on the legal corpus and its calculative implementations. From the ontology of law suggested by R. van Kralingen, we construct a generic document structure, which renders explicit the semantics of legal documents. These are represented in a sufficiently fine and rigorous way to link together documents belonging to distin...

Today’s argumentation software mostly emphasizes the logical structure of reasoning, and especially the structure as it can be represented in boxes-andarrows style diagrams. In this paper an alternative way of providing argumentation support is proposed. A content-oriented, relatively lowtech tool is presented, based on the knowledge structure of a legal topic, inspired by the structure of lega...

Regulation shapes every area of modern economic life. Getting regulation right—knowing when it is necessary, what it should accomplish, and what form it should take—is a critical part of policymaking in every society. Developing an effective oversight structure requires a complex analysis of each society's particular historical, cultural, and legal foundations. Regulation of the practice of law...

Most legal decision support systems have generally operated in domains with well-understood norms. Hence reasoning has been represented by a combination of rule-based and case-based reasoning. However, we analyse legal domains in which decision makers are allowed a significant amount of discretion. We argue that if the domain is bounded, and a sufficient number of commonplace cases exist, then ...

This paper addresses the problems that lawyers experience retrieving information from legal-text databases. Traditional access mechanisms of text databases require users to know how information is stored. I will propose a method for index organisation which shields lawyers from the internal storage structures and which allows them to address the legal databases in their own legal terms. The pro...