Background In many parts of the world, ongoing deficiencies in health systems compromise the delivery of health interventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified four functions that health systems need to perform to achieve their goals: Efforts to strengthen health systems focus on the way these functions are carried out. While a number of studies on health systems functions have be...

This article compares the M’Naghten Rules and some of the principal variations found in the Commonwealth of Nations for the purpose of formulating the best possible provision on the defence of insanity. The discussion is enhanced by evaluations of the concept of diminished responsibility operating in the Commonwealth, and of the provision on insanity in the Statute of the International Criminal...

Compared to the environmental legislation of many developed countries, China’s environmental legislation was initiated late, beginning in 1979, but nevertheless has obtained considerable achievements. As many as thirty environmental laws have provided rules regarding prevention and control of pollution, resource utilization, and ecological protection in China. However, China’s environmental leg...

Eyewitness identifications play an important role in the investigation and prosecution of crimes, but it is well known that eyewitnesses make mistakes, often with serious consequences. In light of these concerns, the National Academy of Sciences recently convened a panel of experts to undertake a comprehensive study of current practice and use of eyewitness testimony, with an eye toward underst...

When a digital incident occurs there are generally three courses of actions that are taken, generally dependant on the type of organisation within which the incident occurs, or which is responding the event. In the case of law enforcement the priority is to secure the crime scene, followed by the identification of evidentiary sources which should be dispatched to a specialist laboratory for ana...

HE U.S. Congress has recently passed historic legislation that revises the fundamental structure of U.S. income tax law. Promoters of this legislation hope that the new tax system will encourage more productive use of economic resources and faster economic growth. Economists disagree very little about the general objectives of tax refor-m. The new law, however, has drawn significant criticism, ...

HE U.S. Congress has recently passed historic legislation that revises the fundamental structure of U.S. income tax law. Promoters of this legislation hope that the new tax system will encourage more productive use of economic resources and faster economic growth. Economists disagree very little about the general objectives of tax refor-m. The new law, however, has drawn significant criticism, ...

Past research on Internet voting has been concentrated on two aspects. First, there are investigations to find the appropriate balance between anonymity and authentication. Second, the impact of the use of Internet voting to legislation has been studied. In this paper we analyze the impact of legislation to the design of a real Internet voting system. We discuss how legal aspects constitute sec...

implementation of the right of defence in the modern administrative law is very important as widely recognized in the world's important legal systems. the object of this paper is to determine the conditions of this right and then, to compare its situation in european :union: and iran's legal system. the conditions of this right are hearing, access to file and knowledge of the reasons ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether state-level parity legislation has led to an increase in utilization of mental health services. DATA SOURCES Healthcare For Communities (HCC), a multi-site nationally representative study sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation that tracks health care system changes for mental health and substance abuse treatment. Information on state-level parity legisl...