Social proverbs contain life philosophies and experience as well as moral standards; aspects of social life are reflected in the mirror of social proverbs. Social proverbs are of both language and culture. Because of their abundant cultural information, social proverbs have been studied from the point of culture in many researches. Modern semiotics has been widely applied to cultural studies as...

We study a model in which voters choose between two candidates on the basis of both ideology and competence. While the ideology of the candidates is commonly known, voters are imperfectly informed about competence. Voter preferences, however, are such that it is a dominant strategy to vote according to ideology alone. When voting is compulsory, the candidate of the majority ideology prevails an...

An enzymatic synthesis of sphingomyelin, N-acylsphingosylphosphorylcholine, was demonstrated by Sribney and Kennedy to occur via a reaction between ceramide (Nacylsphingosine) and CDP-choline. They indicated in this study that N-acyl derivatives of fhreo-sphingosine were far superior to the eryfhro derivatives as acceptors for the phosphorylcholine moiety. We have repeated these enzymatic exper...

1. Overview China, in its 50 years of communist rule since liberation, has experienced cultural and ideological change on a massive scale. The editorials from the People’s Daily, the typical public discourse representing the Communist ideology of China, encoded these ideological changes in its formulations. This study will present the meaning changes of some political-social keywords in editori...

Prosociality refers to dispositions and behaviors intended benefit others, the present study assumed that these reflect people's values. Much of research on prosociality has examined in what can be called interpersonal domain, e.g., helping others. I propose also exists ideological domain. People hold prosocial values concern collectives, not specific individuals. Multilevel analyses data colle...

Researchers have overwhelmingly concluded that substantial benefits can be achieved by organizations increasing the level of interactivity on their websites. However, interactivity, with its emphasis on facilitating visitors’ unconstrained exchanges and control over website content, may undermine the communicative purpose of an organization’s website. Taking a perspective based on the duality o...

Since the emergence of the cultural turn in translation studies, external factors affecting translation have re- ceived attention in this field. Macro factors such as culture, politics in target contexts, history, ideological manipulation, and translators’ institutional rules have become the concern of translation studies. Consider- ing these factors, the current...