The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for failure of limb salvage surgery in grade IIIC lower extremity injuries.A single-institution, retrospective review was performed of all patients with grade IIIC lower limb injuries presenting from January 2009 to April 2014. We gathered the data on each patient who underwent limb salvage and analyzed the final outcome for these patients (lim...

Butterfly vertebra is a rare birth defect of the spine which generally asymptomatic. Fewer cases this are reported till now. Here we have case 2 year old female baby, who presented with bilateral lower limb weakness and an involuntary passage stools urine since birth. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) confirmed cause, showed presence syrinx in spinal cord extending from vertebral level T9-T11, b...

Abstract Background Polymelia is an occasional and congenital malformation in bovine calves, characterized by the presence of single or multiple accessory limb(s) at various body regions, which are often called supernumerary limb(s). One these defects known as pygomelia, where additional limb attached to pelvis within perineal region. This study describes such a case along with surgical managem...

background: congenital heart disease (chd) is the most common congenital anomaly in newborns. this study was performed to determine the live birth incidence of chd by ethnicity and sex in gorgan, northern iran. methods: in this longitudinal, hospital-based study, 18162 live births in dezyani hospital in gorgan, north of iran, were screened for chd, from 2007 through 2009. clinical examination, ...

BACKGROUND Bone defect in long bones is a problem in orthopaedic which needs proper treatment to restore limb length and function of the limb. There are various treatment modalities available to fill the detect like bone grafting, vascularised bone graft, allograft and bone transport through fixators (Ring or Uniplanner). This study was done to determine the outcome of locally manufactured Exte...

the management of soft tissue defects in tibial fractures is essential for limb preservation. current techniques are not without complications and may lead to poor functional outcomes. a salvage method is described using three illustrative cases whereby a combination of flaps and antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads are employed to fill the bony defect, fight the infection, and p...

To study limb vascular responses to K(+) in man, paired intrabrachial arterial infusions of isosmolar NaCl (control) and isosmolar KCl (0.077, 0.154, and 0.307 meq K(+)/min) in isosmolar NaCl were made in 20 normotensive men and 20 men with essential hypertension of mild to moderate severity. Limb blood pressures were monitored, limb blood flow was measured by indicator-dilution, and limb vascu...

Introduction: Blood supply to the arm and forearm is conveyed by brachial artery its branches, radial ulnar artery. Variations in these arteries are being increasingly reported many studies. Most of variations observed mostly course branching pattern have been accounted be due developmental defect, from varied causes. 
 Materials Methods: In present study dissection was done on fifty seven...

The Dlx and Msx homeodomain transcription factors play important roles in the control of limb development. The combined disruption of Msx1 and Msx2, as well as that of Dlx5 and Dlx6, lead to limb patterning defects with anomalies in digit number and shape. Msx1;Msx2 double mutants are characterized by the loss of derivatives of the anterior limb mesoderm which is not observed in either of the s...

background: closure of patent ductus arteriosus (pda), ventricular septal defect (vsd) and atrial septal defect (asd) can be done surgically or by device. this study was designed to compare the total cost of surgical or device closures of pda, asd or vsd for iranian patients. methods: this is a cross-sectional study, conducted from january 1, 2005 until january 1, 2006 in two large heart center...