Skeletal abnormalities in the hind limb of the homozygous luxoid mutant mouse (lujlu) have been described by Green (1955) and Forsthoefel (1958, 1959). These defects include a reduction in the size of the tibia, a slight thickening of the fibula and a failure to form normal condyles on the distal portion of the femur. Chondrogenesis and ossification are also slightly retarded in these limbs. Th...

results: we performed reverse sural flaps in eight gunshot patients, to cover the defects of the lower leg and foot. surgical site infection observed in one patient (12.5%) was treated successfully with antibiotic therapy. the reverse sural flap provided a satisfactory coverage for gunshot defects in all the patients. objectives: the purpose of this prospective case series study was explore the...

arthrogryposis as a congenital malformation that refers to the fixed flexion of one or more joints as a result of stiffness or limited movements of multiple joints, change of posture and limb function due to permanent contracture of joints and wasting of muscles that usually occur at early stage of gestation. this report describes congenital arthrogryposis associated with musculoskeletal defect...

Reconstruction of bone is often required for large bone defects and also in cases of impaired bone regeneration. Vascularized bone transfer has been widely used for reconstruction, especially for segmental mandibular defects, and for reconstruction of long bones of the upper limb and lower limb after trauma or after significant bone resection for tumour. It has also been used in cases of scapho...