Syntactic and semantic processing of literal and idiomatic phrases were investigated with a priming procedure. In 3 experiments, participants named targets that were syntactically appropriate or inappropriate completions for semantically unrelated sentence contexts. Sentences ended with incomplete idioms (kick the...) and were biased for either a literal (ball) or an idiomatic (bucket) completi...

ion makes Φ “truer” (more tree models). Pure existential literal rule makes Φ “falser” (fewer tree models). Pure universal literal rule makes Φ “falser” (fewer tree models). Unit-clause propagation and universal reduction do not change the set of tree models. So ? ? ? If abstraction changes u from universal to existential, and then it becomes pure, making it true is the wrong idea. Say u is ass...

Over the last few decades, a considerable number of experimental studies have been made on the time-course of literal and nonliteral comprehension. These studies have been devoted to test two incompatible models of nonliteral processing: serial model and parallel (direct) model. The serial model states that literal interpretation is an obligatory process and nonliteral interpretation is trigger...

This paper presents a compact multiple-valued maskprogrammable logic array (MPLA) based on a MINITSUM (MINimunl/Truncated-SU~~ two-level synthesis, A universal literal in the MIN plane is decomposed into a threshold literal and a logic-value conversion (LVC) that is shared in the same column of the MINplane. Since a threshold literal can be designed by using a singlejoating-gate MOS transistor,...

Subjects read target sentences preceded by either short or long context that induced either a metaphoric or a literal target reading. As had been found by Ortony, Schallert, Reynolds, and Antos (1978), metaphoric targets were comprehended about as quickly as literals when context was long, but more slowly than literals when context was short. The latter result may have been due to the failure o...