This article aims to redefine the concept of Thirdspace and make a trilateral relationship between the three concepts of real space, virtual space and the user. To do so, not only the concept of Thirdspace has to be redefined, but also a new understanding of virtual space as a relatively independent space is required. This three-sided relation requires a new understanding of the relationship be...

The aim of the present paper is to define and study (IC)$LM$-fuzzytopological spaces, a generalization of (weakly) induced $LM$-fuzzytopological spaces. We discuss the basic properties of(IC)$LM$-fuzzy topological spaces, and introduce the notions ofinterior (IC)-fication and exterior (IC)-fication of $LM$-fuzzytopologies and prove that {bf ICLM-FTop} (the category of(IC)$LM$-fuzzy topological ...

‘Loop-fusion cohomology’ is defined on the continuous loop space of a manifold in terms of Čech cochains satisfying two multiplicative conditions with respect to the fusion and figure-of-eight products on loops. The main result is that these cohomology groups, with coefficients in an abelian group, are isomorphic to those of the manifold and the transgression homomorphism factors through the is...

The aim of this article is to characterize the saturation spaces that appear in inverse problems. Such spaces are defined for a regularization method and the rate of convergence of the estimation part of the inverse problem depends on their definition. Here we prove that it is possible to define these spaces as regularity spaces, independent of the choice of the approximation method. Moreover, ...

Let E and P be nonnegative quadratic forms in a Hilbert space H and assume that E + bP is densely defined and closed for every b ≥ 0. For every b > 0 let Hb be the self-adjoint operator associated with E + bP in the sense of Kato’s representation theorem. By Kato’s monotone convergence theorem, the operators (Hb + 1) −1 converge strongly to an operator L, as b tends to infinity. Let k ∈ N. We g...

Recently there is growing interest in using neural networks for language modeling. In contrast to the well known backoff ngram language models (LM), the neural network approach tries to limit problems from the data sparseness by performing the estimation in a continuous space, allowing by these means smooth interpolations. Therefore this type of LM is interesting for tasks for which only a very...

‎In this paper‎, ‎we generalize the proximal point algorithm to complete CAT(0) spaces and show‎ ‎that the sequence generated by the proximal point algorithm‎ $w$-converges to a zero of the maximal‎ ‎monotone operator‎. ‎Also‎, ‎we prove that if $f‎: ‎Xrightarrow‎ ‎]-infty‎, +‎infty]$ is a proper‎, ‎convex and lower semicontinuous‎ ‎function on the complete CAT(0) space $X$‎, ‎then the proximal...

Fractional order diffusion equations are generalizations of classical diffusion equations which are used to model in physics, finance, engineering, etc. In this paper we present an implicit difference approximation by using the alternating directions implicit (ADI) approach to solve the two-dimensional space-time fractional diffusion equation (2DSTFDE) on a finite domain. Consistency, unconditi...

In the present work the Levenberg-Marquardt method (LM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and a hybridization ANN-LM are used for the solution of the inverse radiative transfer problem of estimating the space dependent albedo in one-dimensional heterogeneous participating media. The unknown function is expanded as a series of known functions, and a finite dimensional optimization problem is th...