the plate girders are used in important structural systems. the earlier design of plate girders was restricted to their critical bukling capacity. experimental and theoretical studies show the plate girders with vertical stiffners can carry load over than their critical buckling loads and then in modern design codes is permitted to use post- buckling capacity of them. in this case the out- of- ...

The concept of designing sacrificial elements to dissipate seismic energy while preserving the integrity of the structure’s other main components is known as the structural fuse concept. Few implementations of the structural fuse concept have been rigorous in emphasizing easy and complete replaceability of the sacrificial elements and absence of damage to the primary load-resisting structural s...

The application of CFRP tendons in precast segmental concrete beams (PSCB) as internal un-bonded prestressing reinforcement is a newly developed scheme to improve structural flexural performance. stress increment the tendon, depending on whole deformation, crucial value be predicted for capacity design. Due discontinuity opening joints, deformation modes differ from monolithic ones. existing pr...

Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes affect the land cycle and are also closely related to climate change. Visible-near infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) has proven be an effective tool in predicting soil properties. Spectral transformations necessary reduce noise ensemble learning methods can improve estimation accuracy of SOC. Yet, it is still unclear which optimal method exploiting results spect...

In this paper, the discrete method of eigenvectors of covariance matrix has been used to weight minimization of steel frame structures. Eigenvectors of Covariance Matrix (ECM) algorithm is a robust and iterative method for solving optimization problems and is inspired by the CMA-ES method. Both of these methods use covariance matrix in the optimization process, but the covariance matrix calcula...

Being economical and performing well under cyclic loads, steel sections filled with concrete have been widely used in structural buildings. Extensive studies and experiments have been conducted to investigate the influence of different parameters and loadings on the behavior of these structural components. Based on the data available from previous experiments and studies, this paper discusses t...