Tree water uptake relies on well-developed root systems. However, mine wastes can restrict root growth, in particular metalliferous mill tailings, which consist of the finely crushed ore that remains after valuable metals are removed. Thus, water stress could limit plantation success in reclaimed mine lands. This study evaluates the effect of substrates varying in quality (topsoil, overburden, ...

This paper presents a novel method of manufacturing carbon foams from coals with a bimodal porosity structure (macroand microporosity), by means of a carbonisation process at 450 or 475 °C that produces the carbon foam, followed by chemical activation with zinc chloride at 500 °C. The activation agent influences the development of macroporosity during the foaming step and gives rise to micropor...

Resorbable calcium phosphate based bone void fillers should work as temporary templates for new bone formation. The incorporation of macropores with sizes of 100 -300 µm has been shown to increase the resorption rate of the implant and speed up bone ingrowth. In this work, macroporous brushite cements were fabricated through foaming of the cement paste, using two different synthetic surfactants...

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be molded and self-hardens in vivo to form resorbable hydroxyapatite with excellent osteoconductivity. The objective of this study was to develop an injectable, macroporous and strong CPC, and to investigate the effects of porogen and absorbable fibers. Water-soluble mannitol was used as porogen and mixed with CPC at mass fractions from 0% to 50%. CPC with 0-4...

Abstract For 8 mm OFCu rod, the formation of pulse mark defects on exterior rod and periodic macroporosity (> 1 diameter pores) occurring internally along centerline castings have been observed noted to limit maximum attainable withdrawal rates (~ 4 m/s). Conversely, same casting witnessed for slower rates; therefore, investigations were performed investigate how motions (withdrawal, dwell, ...

Electrocatalytic water electrolysis is the most promising clean and efficient process for pure generation of hydrogen. However, oxidation reaction requires a large overpotential owing to its slow kinetics, causing lower efficiency hydrogen production high energy consumption. Herein, we report bimetallic NiCu interconnected porous nanostructures on copper foil ([email protected]) prepared by bub...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene aerogels (GAs), and their hybrid (CNT-GA) prepared by hydrothermal treatment were tested in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The importance of porous structure derived from combination mesoporosity coming CNTs with macroporosity stemming GAs was evidenced because carbon material exhibited synergistic performance terms kinetic current onset ...

Understanding the relationship between root systems, soil macropore networks, and hydraulic properties is important to better assess ecosystem health. In this study, treatments were performed in forested wetland soils with different vegetation densities, i.e., large (LWa) small communities (LWb) of reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.). At each plot, three undisturbed PVC cylinders...